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Tibetan Documents concerning Chinese Turkestan. IV: The Khotan Region
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 March 2011
Extract
Coming at length to Khotan, we observe first that it is frequently mentioned in the documents under its name Hu-ten or with minor variations, such as Hu-den (M.T. a, iii, 0063), Hu-then (M.T. b, i, 0098). The country and the inhabitants are designated Li as in the other known sources. The material may be grouped under heads as follows:—I: The Khotan district and city, including A, The two rivers; B, The Parishes and streets; C, Temples or Monasteries; D, The citadel of Khotan; E, The Khotan King; F, Amacas, a Nan-rje-po and a Dmag-pon. II: Śin-śan. III: Gyu-mo, Ho-toṅ Gyu-mo, and Ho-se Gyu-mo. IV: Places with names ending in rtse. V: Other places presumably in the Khotan region. VI: Places or states adjacent to, or connected with, the Khotan region. VII: Personal names of Khotanī people. VIII: The Khotan language.
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page 47 note 1 I take this opportunity of mentioning that of the Stein documents treated in these articles those indicated as M.I. (Mīrān) and most of those indicated as M.T. (Mazār Tāgh)—excluding any from the “Third Expedition”—are among those examined by Professor A. H. Francke for Sir A. Stein's “Reports”. The slips containing Professor Francke's accounts of the documents (in their then unimproved condition) are preserved in the India Office Library, where they can, no doubt, with consent, be consulted. The information elicited by him is summarized in his well-known article (JRAS. 1914, pp. 37–59) and in his “Appendix G”, pp. 1460–6 of Sir A. Stein's Serindia.
page 59 note 1 Corrected from Dzaṅ(?).
page 60 note 1 Crossed out.
page 60 note 2 Erroneous for nor.
page 60 note 3 Crossed out.
page 60 note 4 Compendious for kar?
page 64 note 1 Add 18a. M.T. b. i, 0045 (wooden slip; c. 8 X 2 cm.; clear dbu-can). [1] |:| Lha-gan. Keẖu. ẖgan. tshe. | Rgya. [2] Sam. du. “Chinaman Sam-du of the Keẖu-ẖgan-tshe temple”. On this (Khe-gan-tsa) vihāra see Asia Major, ii, p. 266.
page 65 note 1 Crossed out.
page 66 note 1 Compendious for bźer.
page 66 note 2 Written compendiously and somewhat doubtful, parts of the sign being due to the verso. A reading du (simply) is possible.
page 66 note 3 There is here an apparent sign, due to the verso.
page 66 note 4 sku(?).
page 66 note 5 sug.zum.la “with hands closed up”?
page 67 note 1 Crossed out.
page 67 note 2 Crossed out.
page 67 note 3 Below this between the lines (above the words thugs. la in 1.5) is written the word dlya inverted.
page 67 note 4 r below the line.
page 68 note 1 See Bacot's, M. article in the Journal Asiatique, x, xix (1912), pp. 1 sqqGoogle Scholar.
page 68 note 2 Publications of the Indian Institute, Oslo University, i, 3 (1929), Two medieval documents from Tun-huang, by Thomas, F. W. and Konow, StenGoogle Scholar.
page 71 note 1 Crossed out: read la in the first occurrence.
page 71 note 2 Crossed out.
page 71 note 3 Crossed out.
page 72 note 1 The occurrence of this title was noted by me, JRAS. 1927, pp. 121–3, with citation of Nos. 23–5 below. The latter, with Nos. 27 and 29, and also a new document from Turfan have now been discussed in a recent paper (Königsnamen von Khotan (A-ma-ca) . . . SPAW., pp. 671–6, issued Jan. 1929) by Professor A. H. Francke. I am glad to see that Professor Francke, who originally had understood the syllables a-ma-ca, am-cha, where he had read them, differently, now accepts the reference to the officials called amacas. How far I agree with his readings and renderings will be seen below (except as concerns the Turfan document, in which, I may remark, the phrase stag-sras-dgyes-gyi-rtse is a place-name; see infra, pp. 264–5). That any of the persons named are royal I am far from believing.
page 73 note 1 For b`er.
page 74 note 1 Possibly Gru.
page 74 note 2 Reading kindly corrected by Professor Sten Konow.
page 76 note 1 An endorsement in a different hand below the line.
page 76 note 2 Added below the line.
page 76 note 3 Compendious for gsol.
page 78 note 1 Crossed out. Is Lha intended?
page 83 note 1 ste? daṅ?
page 84 note 1 This line B seems to be part of a previously inscribed letter, which was erased or cut away when the present missive was inscribed.
page 84 note 2 s below line.
page 85 note 1 Compendious for ẖtsal.
page 85 note 2 pas below line.
page 88 note 1 Compendious for g-yar.
page 91 note 1 It seems unnecessary to bring in the Yü-mi or Chü-mi, applied by the Chinese to an old kingdom lying between the Chīra and Keriya rivers (Ancient Khotan, p. 467).
page 94 note 1 Added below middle of line.