Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T19:04:12.317Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A Theoretical Component of Political Inegalitarianism in Perso-Islamicate Thought

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 January 2017

ALIREZA SHOMALI*
Affiliation:
Wheaton College (Massachusetts)[email protected]

Abstract

The disparity of human intellects dictum imposes an a priori limit of thinking and imagining that partially precludes the emergence of democratic thought in the Iranian commonsense. This paper presents three exemplary accounts of the disparity dictum in Perso-Islamicate philosophical and mystical traditions – by Ghazzali, Sadra and Molavi. The goal is to see how, despite varying verbalism, these thinkers share the view that human beings are not ultimately unified – and, accordingly, that humans cannot have equal rights to political power.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Asiatic Society 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arendt, H., The Human Condition. Introduction by Margaret Canovan (Chicago, 1998).Google Scholar
Aristotle, , Politics. Edited by Iverson, S. (New York and Cambridge, 1988).Google Scholar
Aristotle, , The Nicomachean Ethics. Edited by Ackrill, J. L. and Urmson, J. O.. Translated by D. Ross (Oxford, 1998).Google Scholar
Averroes, , Fasl al-maqal fi ma bain al-hikmah va al-shariah min al-ittisal. Edited by Ammarah, M. (Cairo, 1972).Google Scholar
Averroes, , On the Harmony of Religion and Philosophy. Translated by Hourani, G. F. (London, 1976).Google Scholar
Bachelard, G., Formation of the Scientific Mind (Manchester, 2002).Google Scholar
Berlin, I., “The Counter-Enlightenment.” In Against the Current: Essays in the History of Ideas, edited by Hardy, H. (New York, 1980), pp. 124.Google Scholar
Danesh Pazhuh, M. T., “Ketab shuyanRahnama-ye ketab 8 (1965), p. 72.Google Scholar
Davenport, M. M., “Children, Idiots and Barbarians.” Southwest Philosophy Review 1 (1984), pp. 7084.Google Scholar
Foruzanfar, B. A., Ahadis va qesas-e Masnavi. Edited by Davudi, H. (Tehran, 2002).Google Scholar
Frank, R. M., “Al-Ghazzali on Taqlid: Scholars, Theologians, and Philosophers.” Zeitschrift Für Geschichte Der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften 7 (1992), pp. 207252.Google Scholar
Ghazzali, M., Al-Iqtisad fi al-i`tiqad. Edited by al-`ala, M. M. Abu (Cairo, 1972).Google Scholar
Ghazzali, M., Erreur et Délivrance. Translated by Jabre, F. (Beirut, Commission internationale pour la traduction des chefs-d’œuvre, 1959).Google Scholar
Ghazzali, M., Faisal al-tafriqah bain al-Islam va al-zandiqah. Edited by Beiju, M. (Damascus, 1993).Google Scholar
Ghazzali, M., Ihya ulum al-din: 1-4. Edited by Tabanah, A. B. (Cairo, 1957).Google Scholar
Ghazzali, M., Iljam al-awam an ilm al-kalam. Edited by al-Baghdadi, M. (Beirut, 1985).Google Scholar
Ghazzali, M., Kimiya-ye sa`adat. Edited by Aram, A. (Tehran, 1954).Google Scholar
Ghazzali, M., Makatib-e farsi-ye Ghazzali. Edited by Eqbal, A. (Tehran, 1954).Google Scholar
Ghazzali, M., Tahafut al-falasafa. Edited by Dunya, S. (Cairo, 1972).Google Scholar
Griffel, F., “Al-Ghazzali's Concept of ProphecyArabic Science and Philosophy 14 (2004), pp. 101144.Google Scholar
Griffel, F., “Muslim Philsophers’ Rationalist Explanation of Muhammad's Prophecy” in The Cambridge Companion to Muhammad, edited by Brockopp, J. E. (Cambridge, 2010), pp. 158179.Google Scholar
Gutting, G., “Gaston Bachelard's Philosophy of ScienceInternational Studies in Philosophy of Science 2, no. 1 (1989), pp. 5571.Google Scholar
Janssens, J., “Al-Ghazzali's Political Thought: Elements of Greek Philosophical Influence” in The Greek Strand in Islamic Political Thought. Edited by Gannagé, E., Crone, P., Aouad, M., Gutas, D., and Schütrumpf, E. (Beirut, 2004), pp. 393410.Google Scholar
Jones, K., Witt, L. M., and Antony, C. E.,“The Politics of Credibility” in A Mind of One's Own: Feminist Essays on Reason and Objectivity (Oxford, 2001), pp. 154176.Google Scholar
Kadivar, M., Haq al-nas: Islam va hoquq-e bashar (Tehran, 2008).Google Scholar
Molavi, J. A. M., Masnavi-ye ma`navi. Edited by Nicholson, R. A. (Tehran, 1987).Google Scholar
Molavi, J. A. M., The Mathnavi of Jalaluddin Rumi. Translated by Nicholson, R. A. (London, 1925).Google Scholar
Oakeshott, M., Rationalism in Politics and Other Essays (New York, 1962).Google Scholar
Plato. Plato: Complete Works. Edited by Cooper, J. M. and Hutchinson, D. S. (Indianapolis, 1997).Google Scholar
Plato. Republic. Translated by Grube, G. and Reeve, C. D. C. (Indianapolis, 1992).Google Scholar
Pourjavadi, N., Do mojadded, pazhuheshha-i darbareh-ye Mohammad-e Ghazzali va Fakhr-e Razi (Tehran, 2002).Google Scholar
Rahman, F., Prophecy in Islam: Philosophy and Orthodoxy (Chicago, 2011).Google Scholar
Rahman, F., The Philosophy of Mulla Sadra (Albany, 1975).Google Scholar
Sabzevari, H., Asrar al-hikam. Edited by Farzad, H. M. (Tehran, 1982).Google Scholar
Scanlon, T., The Difficulty of Tolerance: Essays in Political Philosophy (Cambridge, 2003).Google Scholar
Shirazi, S. A. M., Al-Hikmah al-muta`aliya fi al-asfar al-aqliya al-arba`a. Vol. 1–9 (Tehran, 1958).Google Scholar
Shirazi, S. A. M., Asrar al-ayat. Edited by Musavi, S. M. (Beirut, 2007).Google Scholar
Shirazi, S. A. M., Ittihad al-aqil va al-ma`qul. Edited by Abbas, Q. M. (Beirut, 2000).Google Scholar
Shirazi, S. A. M., Kitab al-masha`ir. Edited by Corbin, H. (Tehran, 1962).Google Scholar
Shirazi, S. A. M., Mafatih al-ghayb (Tehran, 1984).Google Scholar
Shirazi, S. A. M., Risala fi al-huduth (Huduth al-alam). Edited by Musaviyan, S. H. (Tehran, 1999).Google Scholar
Shomali, A., “Razi on Reason and Political Authority: A Study in Medieval Persian Political ThoughtIranian Studies 49, no. 1 (2016), pp. 2956.Google Scholar
Skinner, Q., Visions of Politics II: Renaissance Virtues, (Cambridge, 2002).Google Scholar
Zizek, S., Event: A Philosophical Journey through a Concept (London, 2014).Google Scholar