^{Page 797 note 1} The tail of the in A 2 proves that A as a whole cannot have been completed before B as a whole was begun; the preparation of the sunken smooth surface of B, if done subsequently to the writing of the would have removed the tail.

^{Page 798 note 1} The name of this king has of late (since Zimmern, , Ber. d. K. Sächs. Ges., 1916, No. 5, 31Google Scholar) commonly been read Šul-gi [šul=hero] DUN having also the value šul; but no proof of the new reading has been given. Deimel, , ZA., 22, 47 (1908)Google Scholar first proposed it, appealing to a nom. prop. DUN-la (šul-la). In Pantheon, No. 776 (1914)Google Scholar, however, he assumed Dungi, and suggested sus arundinis [wild boar ? cf. Psalms lxviii, 31, lxxx, 14]. There is, in fact, no reason why the name should not contain dun in the sense of boar; cf. names like Eberhard. Langdon, OEGT., i, 29, considers Dungi possible even with the assumption that the first element means mighty man.

^{Page 799 note 1} I know no such name, except (dual), in southern Iraq, Tab. 3, 1517 (quoted by Moritz, B., Haupt Festschrift, 194Google Scholar).

^{Page 799 note 2} The other objects collected from the filling are of very various periods;: objects in ivory (Phoenician ?) and a Phoen. inscription, and also inscribed material from the time of Akkad, Ur III, and Larsa (U. 7798, 7799, 7800, 7807, 8811, 8812).

^{Page 800 note 1} The following table shows that this Phoen. letter is, with various

differentiations, probably the origin of h, ×, h ḫ-lettevs in south-Sem., in Lycian and Carian, and in Greek (cf. already similar suggestions in Praetorius, ZDMG. 56, 1902, 676; Evans, Scripta Minoa 91 f.; Dussaud, , Les Arabes en Syrie …. 78).Google Scholar Our would be like Carian ḫ, and Carian h, Saf. Tam, and east-Greek ḫ (kh). The table seems to indicate that the south-Sem. alphabet was not borrowed directly from the pure Sem. alphabet of Canaan, since it did not borrow the letter heth for ḥ and ḫ but used differentiated forms of he for these sounds [the loss of heth is paralleled in Lydian, Lycian, and Phrygian], and to show positively that it was connected in origin with Greek and Asianic alphabets.

^{Page 801 note 1} ś for, š makes a difficulty; unless Bab. š was pronounced š in this name (cf. Middle Bab. š for Egypt ś).

^{Page 802 note 1} Col. 1 = oldest Byblos; a few others, including old Aram., in brackets. Col. 2 = Archaic Greek after Jensen, , Oesch. d. Schrift, 158Google Scholar, and a few others collected (I hope with sufficient accuracy) from various sources. Col. 3 and 5 = suggested links exemplified from minor Arab, alphabets. Col. 7, No. 11, first form, occurs once according to Hommel, , Sudarab. Chrest., p. 4Google Scholar.

^{Page 802 note 2} Except No. 13 according to the hypothesis made below (cf. p. 804³), but ex hypothesi the exception would not prove Phoen. origin.

^{Page 804 note 1} Materially, at least, the Tamudaean var. of ṣ (Jaussen et Savignac, Miss, en Arbie, Tam. inscr., No. 26), is intermediate between and

^{Page 804 note 2} Cf. the languages of the Hittite Empire, and Lycian and Carian.

^{Page 804 note 3} Earliest script of Thera : similarly Carian. South-Sem. The Phoen. letter is in this ease intermediate between the more open Greek and the more closed soutli-Sem. form.

^{Page 805 note 1} Samek turned over is Car. obviously Halicarnassian san , used as the equivalent of σσ is the same letter; and both are identical with south-Sem.

The Greek name s'n is generally derived from šīn; but perhaps rather it comes from sank < samk, or from samk < samk with n for m by assonance with the neighbouring nun and 'ain. Similarly Eth. sāt, name of the same letter, may go back to san (t for n by assonance with bēt, as in šaut for Šīn by assonance with ĥaūt). If this is right, south-Sem. nearly agrees with Asian Greek in the form, the phon. value, and the name of the letter—against Phoen. in each respect.

[The names of samek and its neighbours in the alphabet from which both Greeks and south Semites borrowed were perhaps about as follows: moim-nun-san-oin-ne. The south-Sem., making some retranslations, arrived at mai-nahas-san < sat-'ain-af (cf. kaf.); the Greeks of the main tradition (with § = x), dropping final consonants, arrived at mo (μω)-nu-xa-o-pe, and then, with two vocal assonances: mu-nu-xei-o-pei).]