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Art. IX.—A Sanskrit Deed of Sale concerning a Kaśmīrian Mahābhārata Manuscript
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 March 2011
Extract
The manuscript to which the present note refers was purchased by me at Śrīnagar in October, 1898. It is written in Śāradā characters, and contains the Gada, Sauptika, Strī, and Aśvamedha Parvans of the Mahābhārata. The manuscript acquired by me originally formed only a portion of a codex which must have contained the whole of the great Sanskrit epic. This is made clear by the curious notice I shall proceed to discuss, as well as by the fact that other portions of the codex have been seen by me in Śrīnagar during earlier visits. The whole must have formed two large folio volumes which, judging from the writing and the paper, were probably copied in the sixteenth century, or in the early part of the seventeenth. The manuscript is very carefully written, evidently by the hand of a Paṇḍit, and represents a very good specimen of the text of the Western recension of the Mahābhārata current in Kaśmīr.
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References
page 188 note 1 See Kalhaṇa's Rājataraṅgiṇī, ed. Stein, , Education Society's Press, Bombay, 1892, pp. x, xiGoogle Scholar.
page 189 note 1 For Śrī-Pre, the usual abbreviation of the ancient designation of Śrinagar, Pravarapura, more fully Śrī-Pravarasenapura, see the note of my Rājataraṅgiṇī translation, vol. ii, p. Śre Pre may be taken as an abbreviation for Śrīnagare-Pravarapure.
page 190 note 1 The text of the Persian deed, which, owing to its cursive writing and the want of diacritical points, is somewhat difficult to make out, was read by me with the assistance of S. U. Maulwī Aḥmad, Head-Maulwī, Calcutta Madrasah, as follows:—
page 190 note 2 For the identification of Diddāmatha, still a favourite quarter of the Śrīnagar Brahmans and known to the Pandits by its ancient name, compare note vi, 303, in my forthcoming translation of the Rājataraṅgiṇī.
page 191 note 1 As Ānanda is given in the Persian version the family name , i.e. Rājānaka, it is possible that Ānanda Rājānaka, a well-known Kaśmīrian scholar of the second half of the seventeenth century, is meant; compare Professor Aufrecht's Catalogus Catalogorum, s.v. Ānanda. Ānanda Rājānaka's commentary on the Naiṣadhacarita, of which a copy was acquired by Professor Bühler in Kaśmīr (see Report, p. x, No. 143), was composed A.D. 1654. Paṇḍit tradition in Kaśmīr has retained a recollection of a close personal connection between Ānanda and Rājānaka Ratnakaṇṭha, the writer of the Rājataraṅgiṇī codex.
page 191 note 2 Glosses, variæ lectiones, etc., from the hand of A2 or Bhaṭṭa Haraka are found in the following manuscripts written by Rājānaka Ratnakaṭṭha and now in my possession:—
i. Rāyamukuṭa's commentary on the Amarakośa (No. 6 of my collection),
ii. Amaravidyā (No. 9).
iii. Kātantravivaraṇapañcikā (No. 33).
iv. Kāśīmāhātmya (No. 39).
v. Ratnakaṇṭha's commentary on the Haravijaya (author's autograph; No. 188).
vi. Bāṇa's Harṣacarita (recently obtained by me from Bhadravāh territory).
For other manuscripts showing notes of Bhaṭṭa Haraka, compare the Introduction to my forthcoming translation of the Rājataraṅgiṇī, § 47.
Takaḍe (pronounced Takarē, as the use of the Śāradā character for shows) is evidently the ‘Krām’ or family name borne by the learned glossator.
page 192 note 1 See Indische Studien, vol. xx, pp. 290–412.
page 192 note 2 The close connection between the formularies of the Lokaprakāśa and our deed of sale is curiously illustrated also by the various points of bad grammar exhibited in the text of the latter. Bhaṭṭa Haraka, who in his glosses shows a scholarly knowledge of Sanskrit and wide reading, would scarcely have committed himself to the several barbarous expressions found in the Deed (e.g. Ādiparvam ārabhya Āraṅyaparvaṁm tāvat) if their use had not been approved by custom in similar contemporary documents.
page 193 note 1 See Note H (iv. 495); Numismatic Chronicle, 1899, vol. six. pp. 125–174.
page 194 note 1 The entry in the Persian version of 225 ‘Tankas’ as the equivalent of 45,000 Dīnnāras does not assist us in the calculation, as it is not clear what particular coin is meant by that designation. As the tanka is made equal to 200 Dīnnāras or two hăths, a copper coin is evidently intended. The word ‘Tanka’ simply means ‘coin,’ and has been variously employed in different times and territories.