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The Three Great Sultans of al-Dawla al–Ismā‘īliyya al-Naṣriyya who Built the Fourteenth-Century Alhambra: Isma‘īl I, Yūsuf I, Muḥammad V (713–793/1314–1391).

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 September 2009

Antonio Fernández-Puertas
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Extract

Muḥammad I, the founder of the Naṣrid Sultanate in 629/1232, originated the first dynasty, al–dawla al–ghālibiyya al-nasriyya, as it has been called in modern times from his laqab, al-ghālib bi-llāh (= “the victor through Allāh”). He was succeeded by his son Muḥammad II al-Faqīh and grandsons Muḥammad III al-Makhlū‘ (= “the Dethroned”) and Abū I-Juyūsh Naṣr, with whom the direct masculine line of the al-Aḥmares (= “the Reds”) ended. Naṣr was dethroned by his nephew Ismā‘īl I, the son of their paternal sister Fāṭima and her husband the ra‘īs of Málaga, Abū Sa‘īd Faraj, who was also a member of the royal family.

I shall deal here with the sultans of the second dynasty up to the death of Muḥammad V, and will concentrate on its three main figures: Ismā‘īl I, his second son YūsufI and grandson Muḥammad V, and deal only briefly with Muḥammad IV - the firstborn son of Ismā‘īl I – and Muḥammad VI el Bermejo (the Redhead), a relative and brother-in-law of Ismā‘īl II. However, we should first establish the identity and origins of Ismā‘īl I‘s father, to understand why he did not become the first sultan of the new dynasty.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society , Volume 7 , Issue 1 , April 1997 , pp. 1 - 25
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Copyright © The Royal Asiatic Society 1997

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References

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75 He is now called by Ibn al-Khaṭīb, al-sulṭān ḍun Badr al-rūmī (the Sultan Don Pedro the Christian) in his Nufāḍa II (Escorial MS 1.755), 641Google Scholar. In the Mudéjar palace in the Reales Alcázares of Seville, the cartouches above the alicatado dados are arranged as rectangles separated by squares, and the laudatory inscription is written in Kufic, thus: ‘izz li-mawlā-nā al-sulṭān ḍun Badr ayyada-hu Allāh, “Glory to our lord the Sultan Don Pedro I, may God assist him!” Sometimes the invocation to God is omitted. This inscription is also found on occasions written upside down, or has been restored with a repeat of the first or second part of the phrase since the restorers have not understood the meaning of what they were recomposing.

76 al-Khaṭīb, Ibn, Nufāḍa II (Escorial MS 1.755), folios 66v and 67Google Scholar. al-‘Abbādī, A. Mukhtār, El reino de Granada, P. 45Google Scholar.

77 Remiro, M. Gaspar, Correspondencia diplomática, v (Granada, 1916), pp. 345, 355, 359Google Scholar. al-‘Abbādī, A. Mukhtār, El reino de Granada, p. 53 note 2Google Scholar.

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79 Khaldūn, Ibn, al-Ta’rīf, ed. Tanjī, , p. 79Google Scholar. Al-Qalqashandī, , Subḥ al-a'shā fi ṣinā‘at al-inshā’, 14 vols (Cairo, 1331–1370/1913–1919)Google Scholar. The chapter on Spain (in vol. v) translated by de Lucena, L. Seco, pp. 211–72Google Scholar, is called Subḥ al- A'šā (Valencia, , 1975); vol. vii, p. 412Google Scholar. Arié, R., L‘Espagne musulmane, p. 186, note 8Google Scholar. al-‘Abbādī, A. Mukhtār, El reino de Granada, p. 35, note 2Google Scholar.

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81 A‘māl al-a‘lām (Beirut edn), pp. 356–70Google Scholar; Lamḥa (Beirut edn), pp. 100–1Google Scholar. al-‘Abbādī, A. Mukhtār, El reino de Cranada, p. 22, note 1Google Scholar.

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84 y Santón, M. Alarcón and de Linares, R. García, Los Documentos árabes diplomáticos, p. 140Google Scholar. Arié, R., L‘Espagne musulmane, p. 249, note 4Google Scholar. I interpret the plural diyār here as having the value of a collective singular. The name appears in a letter of the time of Muḥammad VI addressed to the Aragonese sovereign Pedro IV.

85 Khaldūn, Ibn, Kitāb al-‘Ibar,vii, p. 334, 375Google Scholar.

86 Khaldūn, Ibn, al-Ta‘rīf, pp. 84–5Google Scholar.

87 Arié, R., L’Espagne musulmane, p. 330Google Scholar.

88 Arié, R., L’Espagne musulmane, p. 330–4Google Scholar.

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92 Khaldūn, Ibn, al-Ta‘rīf, ed. Tanjī, , pp. 80–93Google Scholar. al-‘Abbādī, A. Mukhtār, El reino de Granada, p. 103, note 4Google Scholar.

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95 CrÓnica del Rey Don Pedro I, p. 545Google Scholar. Arié, R., L’Espagne musulmane, p. 114, note 5Google Scholar. al-‘Abbādī, A. Mukhtār, El reino de Granada, p. 66, 67Google Scholar.

96 Arié, R., L’Espagne musulmane, p. 131,319, note 3,Google Scholar.

97 al-Khaṭīb, Ibn, Iḥāṭa (Cairo edn), i, pp. 37, ii, pp. 56–8Google Scholar; (‘Inān edn, 1975), ii, pp. 83–4Google Scholar. Khaldūn, Ibn, al-Ta‘rīf, ed. Tanjī, , pp. 120Google Scholar. al-‘Abbādī, A. Mukhtār, El reino de Granada, p. 74–7,Google Scholar. Arié, R., L’Espagne musulmane, p. 141, 186Google Scholar. Fernández-Puertas, A., La fachada … The Façade, i, pp. 26, 215, note 3Google Scholar.

98 Khaldūn, Ibn, Ta‘rīf, p. 120Google Scholar.

99 al-Khaṭīb, Ibn, Iḥāṭa (Cairo edn), ii, pp. 54–5, 59Google Scholar. Arié, R., L’Espagne musulmane, p. 115, note 4Google Scholar. al-‘Abbādī, A. Mukhtār, El reino de Granada, p. 82, 83 note 2Google Scholar.

100 al-Khaṭīb, Ibn, Iḥāṭa (Cairo edn), ii, pp. 327, 328Google Scholar; Histoire des Berbères, iv, p. 381Google Scholar. al-‘Abbādī, A. Mukhtār, El reino de Granada, p. 86, note 4–10, 113 note 5Google Scholar.

101 Fernández-Puertas, A., La fachada … The Façade, i, pp. 27, 216Google Scholar,

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103 y Santón, M. Alarcón and Garcīa de Linares, R., Los Documentos ārabes diplomātics, p. 414Google Scholar. Soler, A. Giménez, “La Corona de Aragón y Granada”, Boletīn de la Real Academia de Buenas Letras (Barcelona), vol. iv, pp. 342–8Google Scholar. Arié, R., L’Espagne musulmane, pp. 115, 116, note 2Google Scholar.

104 Arié, R., L’Espagne musulmane, pp. 116, notes 6, 7Google Scholar. al-‘Abbādī, A. Mukhtār, El reino de Cranada, p. 90, notes 2–4Google Scholar. This author also notes that – according to the work of de Molina, Argote, Nobleza de Andalucía (Seville, 1588)Google Scholar — Muḥammad V used to go hunting.

105 Crónica del Rey Don Pedro I, p. 142. Arié, R., L’Espagne musulmane, p. 117, note 3Google Scholar. al-‘Abbādī, A. Mukhtār, El reino de Granada, p. 91, note 4Google Scholar.

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109 Remiro, M. Gaspar, Correspondencia, pp. 158, 352Google Scholar, Rayhānat. (Escorial, MS 1.825), fols. 74V and 13trGoogle Scholar. Al-Maqqarī, , Nafḥ al-ṭīb, i, pp. 300–5Google Scholar. Al-Qalqashandī, , Subḥ al-a’shā, vii, pp. 415–17Google Scholar. Arié, R., L’Espagne musulmane, p. 118, notes 3, 4Google Scholar. al-‘Abbādī, A. Mukhtār, El reino de Granada, p. 118 notes 4, 5Google Scholar.

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