^{page 384 note 1} Jahángír was born at Fathpúr Síkri, in 977 A.H.—Kháfl Khán, i. 69.

^{page 385 note 1} “Being entered, you approach the King's Derbar or Seat, before which is also a small court inclosed with railes, couered ouer head with rich Semianes to keepe away the Sunne … sitting forth in a small more? inward Court … into which none but the Grandes … are permitted to enter, where he drinkes by number and measure, sometimes one and thirtie, and running over, mixing also among, seuere iudicatures.”—Wm. Finch (A.B. 1610–11), Purchas, , vol. i. p. 439.Google Scholar

“Often overcome with wine, but severely punishing that fault in others.”— Terry, Purchas, , vol. ii. p. 1481Google Scholar. See also p. 387, his “Voyage to East India.” London, 1787.Google Scholar

^{page 386 note 1} The miṣkál of 40 ratis, or 70 grains troy, gives as the maximum 70×18¼×20 = 53·220 ounces Apothecaries weight. The minimum being 18¼×6 = 15·966 oz.

The tola of 96 ratis, or 168·00 grains (7½ tolas × 6 = 45), gives a maximum of 52·500 oz., and a minimum of 37 tolas = 15·750 oz.

^{page 386 note 2} Báhu Rájendralál Mitra has given us a full account of the strong drinks of the ancient Hindús in the Journal Asiatic Society of Bengal for 1873, p. 1. He there shows that arrack was in use among the rites of the Vedic Aryans.

^{page 387 note 1} Marsden, No. 1335. Gold. Weight, 168 grains. A.H. 1020. Obv. Bust of Jahángír raising the wine-cup preparatory to drinking. A light nimbus surrounds the head.

Legend.

Rev. The Sun in the constellation of Leo, occupying the full surface of the piece — at the foot of the device the words

Year 1020 Hijri.

Marsden, 1338. Gold. Weight, 167 grains. Ajmír, A.H. 1023.

Orv. Full figure of the King seated on his chair of State, holding a cup of wine. A prominent nimbus encircles the head.

Legend.

Rev. Small sun in the centre.

On the two sides—

Oh Defender! Year 9 (of the reign). Struck at Ajmir, 1023 (A.H.).

Variety. Similar coins, with the figure of the monarch and the lion and the sun (of No. 1335) reduced in size to meet the more ample legends. See Marsden, p. 609. The coins are dated Ajmír, the 8th year and the 9th year = 1023 A.H.

^{page 387 note 2} William Hawkins, in his enumeration of Jahángír's treasures, says, “Of vases for wine very faire and rich, set with jewels, there are one hundred. Of drinking cuppes five hundred, that is to say made of one piece of Ballace ruby and also emerods, of eshim (which stone cometh from Cathay), of Turkish stone and other sorts of stones.”—Purchae, , vol. i. p. 217Google Scholar. This eshim is the identical term which is engraved on the cup, yashm, the Chinese Yuh-shih, “gem-stone.”

^{page 388 note 1} It is necessary to examine the Muhammadan idea of the prophet Khizr, which may be gathered from Vullers's note on the word, giving, as we must suppose, the local view of the Indo-Persian Lexicographers.

“ nom- prophetæ cujusdam Bh. Quis fuit Khisr, cui fontem vitæ, cujus custos est, invenisse contigit, et vis vitalis tribuitur, totam naturam animans et viriditate induens, qui a periculis liberat et viam per deserta vitæ monstrat, ex iis, quæ Arabum et Persarum scripteres tradunt, haud intelligitur, quum alii sapientem quendam et socium Mosis, alii Eliam prophetam vel St. Georgium, alii denique Vezirum Alexandri illum fuisse contendant.”

See also Sale's Kurán, Surat xviii, note. “Some … suppose Al Khedr, having found out the fountain of life and drank thereof, became immortal; and that he had therefore this name from his flourishing and continual youth.”

^{page 389 note 1} The Emperor Bábar, in noticing the abundance of artificers in India in 1526 A.D., and the presence of stone-masons from “Azerbaiján, Fars, Hindustán, and other countries,” goes on to remark, “In Agra alone, and of stone-cutters belonging to that place only, I every day employed on my palaces 680 persons, and on other works 1941 stone-cutters.”—Leyden's Bábar, p. 334.

Thevenot, in Sháh Jahán's time, refers to the perfection of one of the special industries of Agra, the working on hard stone. London, 1687. p. 39. See also Asiatic Researches, vol. xv. p. 434.Google Scholar

^{page 389 note 2} Akbar had already given this name to water cooled with saltpetre.—Aín-i-Akbarí, Gladwin, , vol. i. p. 71.Google Scholar