Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T17:59:25.311Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Vertical Distribution of Mesopelagic Fishes Collected on the SOND Cruise

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2009

Julian Badcock
Julian Badcock
Affiliation:
National Institute of Oceanography, Wormley, Godalming, Surrey
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The features of the vertical distribution of meso- and bathypelagic fishes are poorly known. Much of our present knowledge is based upon data collected on the early, major expeditions (i.e. Brauer, 1906; Murray & Hjort, 1912; Jespersen, 1915; Jespersen & Tåning, 1926; Norman, 1929, 1930; Regan & Trewavas, 1929, 1930; Benin, 1934, 1937; Ege 1934 1948, 1953, 1957; Bertelsen, 1951; Parr, 1960; Ebeling, 1962; Ebeling & Weed, 1963; Nafpaktitis, 1968). Fishing depths were not accurately determined, the depth of net generally being calculated from the length of wire out and the wire angle to the water surface. Closing nets were infrequently used. From these reports a general appreciation of vertical distributions has been possible. More recently, distribution studies mostly made in restricted areas using open nets with depths more accurately determined indicate a limited vertical distribution for each species (Aron, 1962; Pearcy, 1964; Pearcy & Laurs, 1966; Lavenberg & Ebeling, 1967; Paxton, 1967).

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 50 , Issue 4 , November 1970 , pp. 1001 - 1044
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1970

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Aron, W., 1962. The distribution of animals in the eastern North Pacific and its relationship to physical and chemical conditions. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., Vol. 19, pp. 271–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Backus, R. H., Craddock, J. E., Haedrich, R. L., Shores, D. L., Teal, J. M., Wing, A. S., Mead, G. W. & Clarke, W. D., 1968. Ceratoscopelus Maderensis: Peculiar Sound-Scattering Layer Identified With This Myctophid Fish. Science, N.Y., Vol. 160, pp. 991–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Badcock, J., 1969. Colour variation in two mesopelagic fishes and its correlation with ambient light conditions. Nature, Lond., Vol. 221, pp. 383–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barham, E. G., 1966. Deep scattering layer migration and composition: observations from a diving saucer. Science, N.Y., Vol. 151, pp. 1399–1403.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beebe, W., 1935. Half Mile Down, 343 pp. London: J. Lane.Google Scholar
Bertelsen, E., 1951. The ceratoid fishes: ontogeny, taxonomy, distribution and biology. Dana Rep., No. 39, pp. 1–276.Google Scholar
Bertin, L., 1934. Les poissons apodes appartenant au sous-ordre des Lyomeres. Dana Rep., No. 3, pp. 1–56.Google Scholar
Bertin, L., 1937. Les poissons abyssaux du genre Cyema Günther. Dana Rep., No. 10, pp. 1–30.Google Scholar
Boden, B. P. & Kampa, E. M., 1967. The influence of natural light on vertical migrations of an animal community in the sea. Symp. zool. Soc. Lond., No. 19, pp. 15–26.Google Scholar
Brauer, A., 1906. Die Tiefsee-Fische. I. Systematischer Tiel. Wiss. Ergebn. dt. TiefseeExped. ‘Valdivia’, 1898–99, Vol. 15, pp. 1–420.Google Scholar
Clarke, G. L. & Backus, R. H., 1956. Measurements of light penetration in relation to vertical migration and records of luminescence of deep sea animals. Deep-Sea Res., Vol. 4, pp. 1–14.Google Scholar
Clarke, G. L. & Backus, R. H., 1964. Interrelations between the vertical migration of deep scattering layers, bio-luminescence, and changes in daylight in the sea. Bull. Inst. oceanogr. Monaco, No. 1318, pp. 1–36.Google Scholar
Clarke, G. L. & Denton, E. J., 1962. Light and animal life. In The Sea (Hill, M. N., ed.), Vol. 1, pp. 456–68. London: Interscience.Google Scholar
Clarke, G. L. & Hubbard, C. J., 1959. Quantitative records of the luminescent flashing of oceanic animals at great depths. Limnol. Oceanogr., Vol. 4, pp. 163–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, W. D., 1963. Functions of bioluminescence in mesopelagic organisms. Nature, Lond., Vol. 198, pp. 1244–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, W. D., 1966. Bathyphotometric studies of the light regime of organisms of the deep scattering layers. A.G.C. Res. and Dev. Rep. Tr66-O2. G.M. Defence Res. Lab., Santa Barbara, Calif.Google Scholar
Currie, R. I., Boden, B. P. & Kampa, E. M., 1969. An investigation on sonic-scattering layers: the R.R.S. ‘Discovery’ SOND Cruise, 1965. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., Vol. 49, pp. 489–514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
David, P. M., 1965. The Neuston net: a device for sampling the surface fauna of the ocean. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., Vol. 45, pp. 313–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denton, E. J. & Nicol, J. A. C., 1965. Reflexion of light by external surfaces of the herring, Clupea harengus. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., Vol. 45, pp. 711–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ebeling, A. W., 1962. Melamphaidae I. Systematics and zoo-geography of the species in the bathypelagic fish genus Melamphaes Günther. Dana Rep., No. 58, pp. 1–64.Google Scholar
Ebeling, A. W. & Weed, W. H., 1963. Melamphaidae III. Systematics and distribution of the species in the bathypelagic fish genus Scopelogadus Vaillant. Dana Rep., No. 60, pp. 1–58.Google Scholar
Ege, V., 1934. The genus Stomias Cuvier. Dana Rep., No. 5, pp. 1–58.Google Scholar
Ege, V., 1948. Chauliodus Schneider, bathypelagic genus of fishes. A systematic, phylogenetic and geographical survey. Dana Rep., No. 31, pp. 1–148.Google Scholar
Ege, V., 1953. Paralepididae I (Paralepis and Lestidium). Taxonomy, ontogeny, phylogeny and distribution. Dana Rep., No. 40, pp. 1–184.Google Scholar
Ege, V., 1957. Paralepididae II (Macroparalepis). Taxonomy, phylogeny and distribution. Dana Rep., No. 43, pp. 1–101.Google Scholar
Foxton, P., 1963. An automatic opening-closing device for large plankton nets and midwater trawls. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., Vol. 43, pp. 295–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foxton, P., 1969. SOND Cruise 1965. Biological sampling methods and procedures. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., Vol. 49, pp. 603–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fraser, J., 1962. Nature Adrift. The Story of Marine Plankton, 178 pp. London: G. T. Foulis & Co.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haedrich, R. L., 1964. Food habits and young stages of North Atlantic Alepisaurus (Pisces, Iniomi). Breviora, No. 201, pp. 1–15.Google Scholar
Haedrich, R. L. & Nielsen, J. G., 1966. Fishes eaten by Alepisaurus (Pisces, Iniomi) in the south eastern Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Res., Vol. 13, pp. 909–19.Google Scholar
Harrisson, C. M. H., 1967. On methods for sampling mesopelagic fishes. Symp. zool. Soc. Lond., No. 19, pp. 71–126.Google Scholar
Harvey, E. N., 1957 Luminous organs. In The Physiology of Fishes (Brown, M. E., Ed.), Vol. 2, pp. 345–66. New York: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jespersen, P., 1915. Sternoptychidae (Argyropelecus and Sternoptyx). Rep. Dan. oceanogr. Exped. Mediterr. II, Biol. A, 2, pp. 1–41.Google Scholar
Jespersen, P. & Tåning, A. V., 1926. Mediterranean Sternoptychidae. Rep. Dan. oceanogr. Exped. Mediterr. II, Biol. A, 12, pp. 1–59.Google Scholar
Kampa, E. M. & Boden, B. P., 1954. Submarine illumination and twilight movements of a sonic scattering layer. Nature, Lond., Vol. 174, pp. 869–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lavenberg, R. J. & Ebeling, A. W., 1967. Distribution of midwater fishes among deep-water basins of the southern California Shelf. In Proceedings of the Symposium of the Biology of the California Islands (Philbrick, R. N., ed.). Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, Inc.Google Scholar
Marshall, N. B., 1954. Aspects of Deep Sea Biology, 380 pp. London: Hutchinson.Google Scholar
Marshall, N. B., 1955. Studies of Alepisauroid fishes. Discovery Rep., No. 27, pp. 303–36.Google Scholar
Maul, G. E., 1945. Monographia dos peixes do Museu Municipal do Funchal; familia Sudidae. Boln Mus. munic. Funchal, No. 1, art. 1, pp. 1–38.Google Scholar
Mcallister, D. E., 1967. The significance of ventral luminescence in fishes. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., Vol. 24, pp. 537–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, J. & Hjort, J., 1912. The Depths of the Ocean, 821 pp. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Nafpaktitis, B. G., 1968. Taxonomy and distribution of the lantern-fishes, genera Lobianchia and Diaphus, in the North Atlantic. Dana Rep., No. 73, pp. 1–131.Google Scholar
Nicol, J. A. C., 1958. Observations on luminescence in pelagic animals. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., Vol. 37, pp. 705–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicol, J. A. C. & Van Baalen, C., 1968. Studies on the reflecting layers of fishes. Contr. mar. Sci. Univ. Tex., Vol. 13, pp. 65–88.Google Scholar
Norman, J. R., 1929. A preliminary revision of the berycoid fishes of the genus Melamphaes. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., Ser. 10, Vol. 4, pp. 153–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norman, J. R., 1930. Oceanic fishes and flat-fishes collected in 1925–7. Discovery Rep. Vol. 2, pp. 261–370.Google Scholar
Parr, A. E., 1960. The fishes of the family Searsidae. Dana Rep., No. 51, pp. 1–109.Google Scholar
Paxton, J. R., 1967. A distributional analysis for the lantern fishes (family Myctophidae) of the San Pedro Basin, California. Copeia, 1967, No. 2, pp. 422–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearcy, W. G., 1964. Some distributional features of mesopelagic fishes off Oregon. J. mar. Res., Vol. 22, pp. 83–102.Google Scholar
Pearcy, W. G. & Laurs, R. M., 1966. Vertical migration and distribution of mesopelagic fishes off Oregon. Deep-Sea Res., Vol. 13, pp. 153–66.Google Scholar
Pérès, J-M., 1958. Trois plongees dans le canyon du Cap Sidé effectuées avec le bathyscaphe F.R.N.S. III de la Marine National. Bull. Inst. océanogr. Monaco, No. 1115, pp. 1–21.Google Scholar
Regan, C. T. & Trewavas, E., 1929. The fishes of the families Astronesthidae and Chauliodontidae. Oceanogrl Rep. ‘Dana’ Exped. 1920–22, No. 5, pp. 1–39.Google Scholar
Regan, C. T. & Trewavas, E., 1930. The fishes of the families Stomiatidae and Malacosteidae. Oceanogrl Rep. ‘Dana’ Exped. 1920–22, No. 6, pp. 1–143.Google Scholar
Schultz, L. P., 1961. Revision of the marine silver hatchetfishes (family Sternoptychidae). Proc. U.S. natn. Mus., Vol. 112, pp. 587–649.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trégouboff, G., 1958. Prospection biologiques sous-marine dans la region de Villefranche-sur-Mer au cours de l'année 1957. 1. Plongées en bathyscaphe. Bull. Inst. océanogr. Monaco, No. 1117, pp. 1–37.Google Scholar