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Nerve cells of Xenoturbella bocki (phylum uncertain) and Harrimania kupfferi (Enteropneusta) are positively immunoreactive to antibodies raised against echinoderm neuropeptides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 November 2005

Thomas Stach ,
Samuel Dupont ,
Olle Israelson ,
Geraldine Fauville ,
Hiroaki Nakano ,
Tobias Kånneby  and
Mike Thorndyke
Thomas Stach
Affiliation:
Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie/Pharmazie, Institut für Biologie/Zoologie, Systematik und Evolution der Tiere, Königin-Luise-Strasse 1–3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany Kristineberg Marine Research Station, 45034 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
Samuel Dupont
Affiliation:
Kristineberg Marine Research Station, 45034 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
Olle Israelson
Affiliation:
Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyv. 16, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
Geraldine Fauville
Affiliation:
Kristineberg Marine Research Station, 45034 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
Hiroaki Nakano
Affiliation:
Kristineberg Marine Research Station, 45034 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
Tobias Kånneby
Affiliation:
Kristineberg Marine Research Station, 45034 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
Mike Thorndyke
Affiliation:
Kristineberg Marine Research Station, 45034 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
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Abstract

The phylogenetic position of Xenoturbella spp. has been uncertain since their discovery in 1949. It has been recently suggested that they could be related to Ambulacraria within Deuterostomia. Ambulacraria is a taxon that has been suggested to consist of Hemichordata and Echinodermata. The hypothesis that X. bocki was related to Ambulacraria as well as the hypothesis of a monophyletic Ambulacraria is primarily based on the analysis of DNA sequence data. We tested both phylogenetic hypotheses using antibodies raised against SALMFamide 1 and 2 (S1, S2), neuropeptides isolated from echinoderms, on X. bocki and the enteropneust Harrimania kupfferi. Both species showed distinct positive immunoreactivity against S1 and S2. This finding supports the Ambulacraria-hypothesis and suggests a close phylogenetic relationship of X. bocki to Ambulacraria. In particular, the presence of immunoreactivity against S2 can be interpreted as a synapomorphy of Enteropneusta, Echinodermata, and Xenoturbella spp.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 85 , Issue 6 , December 2005 , pp. 1519 - 1524
Copyright
© 2005 Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom

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