Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T05:28:46.612Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Food composition of whiting Merlangius merlangus, captured around the sea-cage fish farms in Ordu, south-eastern Black Sea

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 July 2019

Tuğçe Şensurat-Genç ,
Okan Akyol Open the ORCID record for Okan Akyol [Opens in a new window] ,
Aytaç Özgül  and
Uğur Özden
Tuğçe Şensurat-Genç
Affiliation:
Izmir Katip Çelebi University Fisheries Faculty, Çiğli, Izmir, Turkey
Okan Akyol*
Affiliation:
Ege University Fisheries Faculty, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
Aytaç Özgül
Affiliation:
Ege University Fisheries Faculty, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
Uğur Özden
Affiliation:
Izmir Katip Çelebi University Fisheries Faculty, Çiğli, Izmir, Turkey
*
Author for correspondence: Okan Akyol, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The food composition of whiting, Merlangius merlangus, caught around the sea-cage fish farms off the coast of Perşembe, was analysed and compared with the diet of whiting from a control site off the coast of Fatsa (Ordu Province, south-eastern Black Sea). A total of 815 stomach samples were collected during the study, and of these, 195 (23.9%) were empty. According to the percentage of relative importance index (IRI%), pellet food (47.8%) and Annelida (25%) were the main prey groups of whiting in the sea-cage fish farms area, while unidentified teleost (85.3%) and Engraulis encrasicolus (8.2%) were dominant in the control site. The other prey groups in both areas were Crustaceans (Mysidae, Amphipoda, Upogebia sp.), Sprattus sprattus and Gobius spp. Seasonally, pellet food was the most consumed food in all seasons, but Mysidae was the first preference of whiting around the sea-cage fish farms in spring. In the control site, unidentified teleost was the first preference in all seasons, except winter, where E. encrasicolus was the first choice, followed by crustaceans and S. sprattus in winter. Bray–Curtis analysis shows that seasonally, there is no significant difference in the sea-cage fish farms, while there is significant difference in the control site, and two-dimensional nMDS of IRI% revealed a clear separation between both sites. SIMPER analysis revealed that the most contributing factors to the differences between seasons were pellet food in the sea-cage fish farms, and E. encrasicolus in the control site.

Keywords

Clupeidsdiet compositionpellet foodstomach content masswhiting
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 99 , Issue 7 , November 2019 , pp. 1651 - 1659
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akyol, O, Kara, A and Sağlam, C (2014) Maximum size of saddled bream, Oblada melanura (Linnaeus, 1758) (Osteichthyes: Sparidae), in the southern Aegean Sea, Turkey. Journal of the Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment 20, 270–273.Google Scholar
Arechavala-Lopez, P, Sanchez-Jerez, P, Bayle-Sempere, J, Fernandez-Jover, D, Martinez-Rubio, L, Lopez-Jimenez, JA and Martinez-Lopez, FJ (2011) Direct interaction between wild fish aggregations at fish farms and fisheries activity at fishing grounds: a case study with Boops boops. Aquaculture Research 42, 996–1010.Google Scholar
Banaru, D and Harmelin-Vivien, M (2009) Feeding behaviour of Black Sea bottom fishes: did it change over time? Acta Oecologica 35, 769–777.Google Scholar
Bat, L, Şahin, F, Satılmış, HH, Üstün, F, Birinci-Özdemir, Z, Kıdeys, AE and Shulman, GE (2007) The changed ecosystem of the Black Sea and its impact on anchovy fisheries. Journal of FisheriesSciences 1, 191–227 (in Turkish).Google Scholar
Bilgin, S (2006) Türkiye sularında (Karadeniz) avlanan (1985–2005 av sezonu) hamsi balığının, Engraulis encrasicolus (L., 1758), balıkçılık Biyolojisi yönünden değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus (L., 1758) fishing (1985–2005 fishing season) in the Turkish coasts of Black Sea in respect to fisheries biology]. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 22, 213–222 (in Turkish).Google Scholar
Bilgin, S, Bal, H and Taşçı, B (2012) Length based growth estimates and reproduction biology of whiting, Merlangius merlangus euxinus (Nordman, 1840) in the southeast Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 12, 871–881.Google Scholar
Ceyhan, T, Ertosluk, O, Akyol, O and Özgül, A (2018) The maximum size of bogue, Boops boops (Perciformes: Sparidae) for the Mediterranean. Acta Aquatica Turcica 14, 399–403.Google Scholar
Clarke, KR and Warwick, RM (1994) Change in Marine Communities: An Approach to Statistical Analysis and Interpretation. Plymouth: Natural Environment Research Council.Google Scholar
Cortés, E (1997) A critical review of methods of studying fish feeding based on analysis of stomach contents: application to elasmobranch fishes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, 726–738.Google Scholar
Dean, HK (2008) The use of polychaetes (Annelida) as indicator species of marine pollution: a review. Revista de Biologia Tropical 56(suppl. 4), 11–38.Google Scholar
Demétrio, JA, Gomes, LC, Latini, JD and Agostinho, AA (2012) Influence of net cage farming on the diet of associated wild fish in a neotropical reservoir. Aquaculture 330–333, 172–178.Google Scholar
Dosdat, A (2001) Environmental impact of aquaculture in the Mediterranean: nutritional and feeding aspects. In Uriarte, A and Basurco, B (eds), Environmental Impact Assessment of Mediterranean Aquaculture Farms. Zaragoza: CIHEAM, pp. 23–36 (Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n. 55).Google Scholar
Ergen, Z, Çinar, ME and Dağli, E (2004) Effects of fish farming on the distribution of polychaetes in the Aegean Sea. Rapp. Comm. int. Mer Médit 37, 350.Google Scholar
Fernandez-Jover, D, Sanchez-Jerez, P, Bayle-Sempere, JT, Valle, C and Dempster, T (2008) Seasonal patterns and diets of wild fish assemblages associated with Mediterranean coastal fish farms. ICES Journal of Marine Science 65, 1153–1160.Google Scholar
Froese, R (2006) Cube law, condition factor and weight-length relationships: history, meta-analysis and recommendations. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 22, 241–253.Google Scholar
Froese, R and Pauly, D (2019) FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. Available at http://www.fishbase.org. Version (02/2019) (Accessed 22 January 2019).Google Scholar
Golani, D, Öztürk, B and Başusta, N (2006) The Fishes of the Eastern Mediterranean. Istanbul: Turkish Marine Research Foundation, Publication No. 24.Google Scholar
Hislop, JRG, Robb, AP, Bell, MA and Armstrong, DW (1991) The diet and food consumption of whiting (Merlangius merlangus) in the North Sea. ICES Journal of Marine Science 48, 139–156.Google Scholar
Hyslop, EJ (1980) Stomach contents analysis: a review of methods and their application. Journal of Fish Biology 17, 411–429.Google Scholar
İşmen, A (1995) The biology and population parameters of the whiting (Merlangius merlangus euxinus Nordmann) in the Turkish coast of the Black Sea (PhD thesis). Middle East Technical University, İçel, Turkey.Google Scholar
Ivanov, L and Beverton, RJH (1985) The fisheries resources of the Mediterranean. Part II: Black Sea. Etud. Rev. CGPM/Stud. Rev. GFCM 60, 135.Google Scholar
Karakassis, I, Tsapakis, M, Hatziyanni, E, Papadopoulou, K-N and Plaiti, W (2000) Impact of cage farming of fish on the seabed in three Mediterranean coastal areas. ICES Journal of Marine Science 57, 1462–1471.Google Scholar
Mazlum, RE and Bilgin, S (2014) Age, growth, reproduction and diet of the whiting, Merlangius merlangus euxinus (Nordmann, 1840), in the southeastern Black Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 55, 463–474.Google Scholar
Mente, E, Pierce, GJ, Spencer, NJ, Martin, JC, Karapanagiotidis, IT, Santos, MB, Wang, J and Neofitou, C (2008) Diet of demersal fish species in relation to aquaculture development in Scottish sea lochs. Aquaculture 277, 263–274.Google Scholar
Neuenfeldt, S and Köster, FW (2000) Trophodynamic control on recruitment success in Baltic cod: the influence of cannibalism. ICES Journal of Marine Science 57, 300–309.Google Scholar
Pauly, D, Soriano-Bartz, ML and Palomares, MLD (1993) Improved construction, parameterization and interpretation of steady-state ecosystem models. In Christensen, V and Pauly, D (eds), Trophic Models of Aquatic Ecosystems. ICLARM Conference Proceedings. 26. Manila: International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM), pp. 1–13.Google Scholar
Ross, SD, Gislason, H, Andersen, NG, Lewy, P and Nielsen, JR (2016) The diet of whiting Merlangius merlangus in the western Baltic Sea. Journal of Fish Biology 88, 1965–1988.Google Scholar
Singh-Renton, S and Bromley, PJ (1999) Feeding of small whiting (Merlangius merlangus) in the central and southern North Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79, 957–960.Google Scholar
Stammler, KL and Corkum, LD (2005) Assessment of fish size on shelter choice and intraspecific interactions by round gobies Neogobius melanostomus. Environmental Biology of Fishes 73, 117–123.Google Scholar
Svetovidov, AN (1986) Gadidae. In Whitehead, PJP, Bauchot, ML, Hureau, JC, Nielsen, J and Tortonese, E (eds), Fishes of the North-Western Atlantic and the Mediterranean, vol. II. Paris: UNESCO, pp. 680–710.Google Scholar
Taş, B (2007) Vona Koyu'nda (Güney Karadeniz, Ordu, Türkiye) su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği [Aquaculture in the Vona Bay (Southern Black Sea, Ordu, Turkey)]. Journal of Fisheries Sciences 1, 176–183 (in Turkish).Google Scholar
TUIK (2018) Fishery Statistics 2017. Available at http://www.tuik.gov.tr (Accessed 20 November 2018).Google Scholar
Yucel-Gier, G, Kucuksezgin, F and Kocak, F (2007) Effects of fish farming on nutrients and benthic community structure in the Eastern Aegean (Turkey). Aquaculture Research 38, 256–267.Google Scholar
Zar, JH (1999) Biostatistical Analysis, 4th Edn. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar