Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T05:02:13.908Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Effects of Dissolved Sugars Upon the Temporary Adhesion of Barnacle Cyprids

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2009

A.L. Neal  and
A.B. Yule
A.L. Neal
Affiliation:
Marine Science Laboratories, School of Ocean Sciences, Askew Street, Menai Bridge, Gwynedd, LL57 5EH
A.B. Yule
Affiliation:
Marine Science Laboratories, School of Ocean Sciences, Askew Street, Menai Bridge, Gwynedd, LL57 5EH
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The effects of pentoses, hexoses and uronic acids upon the temporary adhesion of cypris larvae of five barnacle species from four families has been studied. A common, concentration dependent, inhibitory effect of D-glucose was observed for the five species, with maximum inhibition (to 60% of control levels) occurring at 10−8M glucose. Using Balanus perforatus larvae, glucose was shown to be acting at the antennular surface, most probably by interacting with polar groups associated with the temporary adhesive. The pentose, D-arabinose, was less active than glucose, reducing temporary adhesion to only ∞80% of control levels. D-glucuronic acid was more active, decreasing adhesion to 60% at 10−9M, whilst two other hexoses, D-mannose and D-galactose, showed similar activity to glucose. We suggest that hexoses interact with the same polar groups in the adhesive, glucuronic acid with the higher activity because of its more polar nature. The pentose possibly interacts with a different, less common, group. Our results suggest that the chemical identity of bacterial exopolymers, particularly in respect of their pentose: hexose and neutral suganuronic acid ratios, may be an important factor in determining the strength of temporary adhesion shown by barnacle cyprids towards bacterial films.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 76 , Issue 3 , August 1996 , pp. 649 - 655
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allison, D.G. & Sutherland, I.W., 1987. The role of exopolysaccharides in adhesion of freshwater bacteria. Journal of General Microbiology, 133, 1319–1327.Google Scholar
Baier, R.E., 1984. Initial events in microbial film formation. In Marine biodeterioration: an interdisciplinary study (ed. J.D., Costlow and R.C., Tipper), pp. 57–62. London: E. & F.N. Spon.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baier, R.E., Shafrin, E.G. & Zisman, W. A., 1968. Adhesion: mechanisms that assist and impede it. Science, New York, 162, 1360–1368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Billen, G., Joiris, C., Wijnant, J. & Gillain, G., 1980. Concentration and microbiological utilization of small organic molecules in the Scheldt Estuary, the Belgian coastal zone of the North Sea and the English Channel. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, 11, 279–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christensen, B.E., Kjosbakken, J. & Smidsrad, O., 1985. Partial chemical and physical characterization of two extracellular polysaccharides produced by marine, periphytic Pseudomonas sp. strain NCMB 2021. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 50, 837–845.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Costerton, J.W., Marrie, T.J. & Cheng, K.-J., 1985. Phemomena of bacterial adhesion. In Bacterial adhesion. Mechanisms and physiological significance (ed. D.C., Savidge and M., Fletcher), pp. 3–43. London: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crisp, D.J. & Meadows, P.S., 1963. Adsorbed layers: the stimulus to settlement in barnacles. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 158, 364–387.Google Scholar
Evans, L.V. & Clarkson, N., 1993. Antifouling strategies in the marine environment. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 74, Symposium supplement, 119S–124S.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fay, P. & Kulasooriya, S.A., 1973. A simple apparatus for the continuous culture of photosynthetic micro-organisms. British Phycological Journal, 8, 51–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gabbott, P.A. & Larman, V.N., 1987. The chemical basis of gregariousness in cirripedes: a review (1953–1984). In Barnacle biology (ed. A.J., Southward), pp. 377–388. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema. [Crustacean Issues no. 5.]Google Scholar
Gocke, K., Dawson, R. & Liebezeit, G., 1981. Availability of dissolved free glucose to heterotrophic microorganisms. Marine Biology, 62, 209–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goupil, D.W., Depalma, V.A. & Baier, R.E., 1980. Physical/chemical characteristics of the macromolecular conditioning film in biological fouling. In Fifth international conference on marine corrosion and fouling, pp. 401–410. Madrid, Spain: Editorial Garsi.Google Scholar
Lindberg, B., 1990. Components of bacterial polysaccharides. Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry, 48, 279–318.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lochte, K., 1985. Biological studies in the vicinity of a shallow-sea tidal mixing front. III. Seasonal and spatial distribution of heterotrophic uptake of glucose. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 310, 445–469.Google Scholar
Maki, J.S., Rittschof, D., Costlow, J.D. & Mitchell, R., 1988. Inhibition of attachment of larval barnacles, Balanus amphitrite, by bacterial surface films. Marine Biology, 97, 199–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maki, J.S., Rittschof, D., Samuelsson, M.-O., Szewzyk, U., Yule, A.B., Kjelleberg, S., Costlow, J.D. & Mitchell, R., 1990. Effect of marine bacteria and their exopolymers on the attachment of barnacle cypris larvae. Bulletin of Marine Science, 46, 499–511.Google Scholar
Maki, J.S., Yule, A.B., Rittschof, D. & Mitchell, R., 1994. The effect of bacterial films on the temporary adhesion and permanent fixation of cypris larvae, Balanus amphitrite Darwin. Biofouling, 8, 121–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, A.E., Baier, R.E. & King, R.W., 1988. Initial fouling of non-toxic coatings in fresh, brackish and seawater. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 66, 37–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minnikin, D.E., Abdolrahimzadeh, H. & Baddiley, J., 1974. Replacement of acidic phospholipids by acidic glycolipids in Pseudomonas diminuta. Nature, London, 249, 268–269.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moyse, J., 1960. Mass rearing of barnacle cyprids in the laboratory. Nature, London, 185, 120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neal, A.L. & Yule, A.B., 1992. The link between cypris temporary adhesion and settlement of Balanus balanoides (L.). Biofouling, 6, 33–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neal, A.L. & Yule, A.B., 1994 a. The tenacity of Elminius modestus and Balanus perforatus cyprids to bacterial films grown under different shear regimes. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 74, 251–257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neal, A.L. & Yule, A.B., 1994 b The interaction between Elminius modestus Darwin cyprids and biofilms of Deleya marina NCMB 1877. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 176, 127–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nott, J.A., 1969. Settlement of barnacle larvae: surface structure of the antennular disc by scanning electron microscopy. Marine Biology, 2, 248–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nott, J.A. & Foster, B.A., 1969. On the structure of the antenular attachment organ of the cypris larvae of Balanus balanoides (L.). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 256, 115–134.Google Scholar
Omar, A.S., Weckesser, J. & Mayer, H., 1983. Different polysaccharides in the external layers (capsule and slime) of the cell envelope of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata Spll. Archives of Microbiology, 136, 291–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, D., Rittschof, D., Holm, E. & Schmidt, A.R. 1991. Factors influencing initial larval settlement: temporal, spatial and surface molecular components. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 150, 203–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutherland, I.W., 1980. Polysaccharides in the adhesion of marine and freshwater bacteria. In Microbiol adhesion to surfaces (ed. R.C.W., Berkeley et al.), pp. 329–338. Chichester: Ellis Horwood.Google Scholar
Uhlinger, D.J. & White, D.C., 1983. Relationship between the physiological status and the formation of extracellular polysaccharide glycocalyx in Pseudomonas atlantica. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 45, 64–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walker, G. & Yule, A.B., 1984. Temporary adhesion of the barnacle cyprid: the existence of an antennular adhesive secretion. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 64, 679–686.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkinson, S.G., 1972. Composition and structure of the orthinine-containing lipid from Pseudomonas rubescens. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 270, 1–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yule, A.B., 1984. The effect of temperature on the swimming activity of barnacle nauplii. Marine Biology Letters, 5, 1–11.Google Scholar
Yule, A.B. & Crisp, D.J., 1983. Adhesion of cypris larvae of the barnacle Balanus balanoides, to clean and arthropodin treated surfaces. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 63, 261–271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yule, A.B. & Walker, G., 1984. The temporary adhesion of barnacle cyprids: effects of some differing surface characteristics. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 64, 429–439.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yule, A.B. & Walker, G., 1987 Adhesion in barnacles. In Barnacle biology (ed. A.J., Southward), pp. 389–402. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema. [Crustacean Issues no. 5.]Google Scholar