Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T06:07:04.621Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The effect of algal and artificial diets on the growth and fatty acid composition of Crassostrea gigas Spat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2009

C. J. Langdon
Affiliation:
M.A.F.F. Fisheries Experiment Station, Conwy, Gwynedd
M. J. Waldock
Affiliation:
N.E.R.C. Unit of Marine Invertebrate Biology, Marine Science Laboratories, Menai Bridge, Gwynedd

Extract

Crassostrea gigas spat were fed diets of Pavlova lutheri, Dunaliella tertiolecta or Tetraselmis suecica. The D. tertiolecta diet contained no fatty acid longer or more unsaturated than linolenic acid (18:3ω3) and the T. suecica diet was deficient in decosahexaenoic acid (22:6ω3). The algal diets were supplemented with micro-encapsulated triolein, oyster lipid extract or 22:6ω3. Spat were also starved or fed carbohydrate diets.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1981

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Ackman, R. G., 1972. The analysis of fatty acids and related materials by gas liquid chromatography. In Progress in the Chemistry of Fats and other Lipids, vol. 12 (ed. Holman, R. T.), pp. 165284. Oxford: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Ackman, R. G. & Hooper, S. N., 1973. Non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids in lipids of shallowwater marine invertebrates: a comparison of two molluscs (Littorina littorea and Lunatia triseriata) with the sand shrimp (Crangon septemspinosus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 46 B, 153165.Google Scholar
Castell, J. D., Sinnhuber, R. O., Wales, J. H. & Lee, D. J., 1972. Essential fatty acids in the diet of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri): growth, feed conversion and some gross deficiency symptoms. Journal of Nutrition, 102, 7786.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Colvin, P. M., 1976. The effect of selected seed oils on the fatty acid composition and growth of Penaeus indicus. Aquaculture, 8, 8189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cowey, C. B., Adron, J. W., Owen, J. M. & Roberts, R. J., 1976 a. The effect of different dietary oils on tissue fatty acids and tissue pathology in turbot Scophthalamus maximus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 53 B, 399403.Google Scholar
Cowey, C. B., Owen, J. M., Adron, J. W. & Middleton, C, 1976 b. Studies on the nutrition of marine flatfish. The effect of different dietary fatty acids on growth and fatty acid composition of turbot Scophthalamus maximus. British Journal of Nutrition, 36, 479486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cowey, C. B. & Sargent, J. R., 1979. Nutrition. In Fish Physiology, vol. 8. Bioenergetics and Growth (ed. Hoar, W. S., Randall, D. J. and Brett, J. R.), pp. 171. New York and London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Fewster, M. E., Burns, B. J. & Mead, J. F., 1969. Quantitative densitometric thin-layer chromatography of lipids using copper acetate reagent. Journal of Chromatography, 43, 120126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Folch, J., Lees, M. & Sloane, Stanley G. H., 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 226, 497509.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fujn, M. & Yone, Y., 1976. Studies on the nutrition of Red Sea bream. XIII. Effect of dietary linolenic acid and ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on growth and feed efficiency. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 42, 583588.Google Scholar
Gardner, D. & Riley, J. P., 1972. Seasonal variations in the component fatty acid distributions of the lipids of Balanus balanoides. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 52, 839845.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guarnieri, M. & Johnson, R. M., 1970. The essential fatty acids. Advances in Lipid Research, 8, 115174.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guary, J. C., Kayama, M., Murakami, Y. & Ceccaldi, H., 1976. The effects of a fat-free diet and compounded diets supplemented with various oils on a moult, growth and fatty acid composition of prawn, Penaeus japonicus Bate, Aquaculture, 7, 245254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holland, D. L. & Gabbott, P. A., 1971. A micro-analytical scheme for the determination of protein, carbohydrate, lipid and RNA levels in marine invertebrate larvae. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 51, 659668.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holland, D. L. & Hannant, P. J., 1974. Biochemical Changes During Growth Of The Spat Of The Oyster Ostrea Edulis L. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 54, 10071016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jezyk, P. F. & Penicnak, A. J., 1966. Fatty acid relationships in an aquatic food chain. Lipids, 1, 427429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, D. A., Kanazawa, A. & Ono, K., 1979. Studies on the nutritional requirements of the larval stages of Penaeus japonicus using microencapsulated diets. Marine Biology, 54, 261267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kanazawa, A., Teshima, S. & Tokiwa, S., 1977 a. Nutritional requirements of prawn. VII. Effect of dietary lipids on growth. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 43, 849856.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kanazawa, A., Tokiwa, S. & Kayama, M., 1977 b. Essential fatty acids in the diet of prawn. 1. Effects of linoleic and linolenic acids on growth. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 43, 11111114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kanazawa, A., Teshima, S. & Ono, K., 1979. Relationship between the essential fatty acid requirements of aquatic animals and their capacity for bioconversion of linolenic acid to highly unsaturated fatty acids. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 63 B, 295298.Google ScholarPubMed
Kaneda, T., 1967. Fatty acids in the genus Bacillus. I. Iso- and anteiso- fatty acids as characteristic constituents of lipids in 10 species. Journal of Bacteriology 93, 894903.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kates, M., 1964. Bacterial lipids. Advances in Lipid Research, 2, 1790.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laing, I., 1979. Recommended procedures for the culture of Chaetoceros calcitrans. Technical Report of the Fisheries Laboratory, Lowestoft, no. 53, 812.Google Scholar
Langdon, C. J., 1980. The nutrition of Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) larvae and spat fed on artificial diets. Ph.D. Thesis University College of North Wales, Bangor.Google Scholar
Lee, R. F. & Barnes, A. T., 1975. Lipids in the mesopelagic copepod Gaussia princeps. Wax ester utilization during starvation. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 52 B, 265268.Google ScholarPubMed
Litchfield, C., 1972. Analysis of Triglycerides. 322 pp. New York and London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Marsh, J. B. & Weinstein, D. B., 1966. Simple charring method for the determination of lipids. Journal of Lipid Research, 7, 574576.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morris, R. J. & Culkin, F., 1976. Marine lipids: analytical techniques and fatty acid ester analyses. Oceanography and Marine Biology, an Annual Review, 14, 391433.Google Scholar
Morris, R. J., Armitage, M. E., Raymont, J. E. G., Ferguson, C. F. & Raymont, J. K. B., 1977. Effects of a starch diet on the lipid chemistry of Neomysis integer Leach. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 57, 181189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morrison, W. R. & Smith, L. H., 1964. Preparation of fatty acid esters and dimethylacetals from lipids with boron-fluoride methanol. Journal of Lipid Research, 5, 600608.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oró, J., Tornabene, T. G., Nooner, D. W. & Gelpi, E., 1967. Aliphatic hydrocarbons and fatty acids of some marine and freshwater micro-organisms. Journal of Bacteriology 93, 18111818.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ukeles, R., 1975. Views on bivalve larvae nutrition. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Aquaculture Nurtition, Delaware, 1975 (ed. Price, K. S., Shaw, W. N. and Danberg, K. S.), pp. 127162.Google Scholar
Waldock, M. J. & Nascimento, I. A., 1979. The triacylglycerol composition of Crassostrea gigas larvae fed on different algal diets. Marine Biology Letters, 1, 7786.Google Scholar
Walne, P. R., 1970 a. The seasonal variation of meat and glycogen content of seven populations of oysters Ostrea edulis L. and a review of the literature. Fishery Investigations. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (series 2), 26 (3), 35 pp.Google Scholar
Walne, P. R., 1970 b. Studies on the food value of nineteen genera of algae to juvenile bivalves of the genera Ostrea, Crassostrea, Mercenaria and Mytilus. Fishery Investigations. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (series 2), 26 (5), 62 pp.Google Scholar
Walne, P. R., 1974. Culture of Bivalve Molluscs: 50 years’ Experience at Conway. 173 pp. West Byfleet, England: Fishing News (Books) Ltd.Google Scholar
Watanabe, T. & Ackman, R. G., 1972. Effect of unicellular algal lipids on oyster lipids and their fatty acid composition. Technical Report. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, no. 334, 16 pp.Google Scholar
Watanabe, T. & Ackman, R. G., 1974. Lipids and fatty acids of the American (Crassostrea virginica and European flat (Ostrea edulis) oysters from a common habitat, and after one feeding with Dicrateria inornata or Isochrysis galbana. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 31, 403409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yone, Y. & Fujii, M., 1975. Studies on the nutrition of Red Sea bream. XI. Effect of ω3 fatty acid supplements in a corn oil diet on growth rate and feed efficiency. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 41, 7377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, T. C.ω ω3 and ω6 fatty acids. Aquaculture, 8, 309317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar