Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-31T17:13:12.779Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Diversity of Edwardsiidae sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from Brazil, with the description of a new genus and species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2019

Rafael Antônio Brandão ,
Luciana Câmara Gusmão  and
Paula Braga Gomes
Rafael Antônio Brandão*
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 – Cidade Universitária, Recife, Brazil
Luciana Câmara Gusmão
Affiliation:
Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, 10024, New York, NY, USA
Paula Braga Gomes
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: Rafael Antônio Brandão, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Edwardsiidae is one of the most speciose families within order Actiniaria with ~75 valid species of burrowing sea anemones. Five edwardsiids have been recorded in South Atlantic waters with only two species known for Brazil: Nematostella vectensis and Edwardsia migottoi. Such low diversity is probably the result of a historical small number of specialists in the region combined with difficulties in collecting and identifying these small burrowing animals. Although edwardsiids have been reported from Brazil since at least the 1960s, these reports did not include proper descriptions or specific identification, making comparison to other valid species impossible. Here we describe a new genus, Isoscolanthus gen. nov., and two new species: Isoscolanthus iemanjae sp. nov., Isoscolanthus janainae sp. nov. and we also describe Scolanthus crypticus sp. nov., the first species of the genus for Brazil. Isoscolanthus gen. nov. is easily distinguished from other edwardsiid genera by a combination of external (i.e. presence of periderm and nemathybomes in proximal end and 12 tentacles), microanatomical (i.e. four microcnemes) and cnidom features (i.e. pterotrichs in nemathybomes). In addition to the description of the new genus and species, we expand the range distribution of Nematostella vectensis and Edwardsia migottoi in the South-western Atlantic. The number of edwardsiids known from Brazil is raised from two to five species, substantially increasing the diversity of soft-bottom sea anemones for South Atlantic waters.

Keywords

BurrowingEdwardsiainfaunaIsoscolanthusScolanthusSouth-western Atlantictaxonomy
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 99 , Issue 5 , August 2019 , pp. 1087 - 1098
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andres, A (1881) Prodromus neapolitanae actiniarum faunae addito generalis actiniarum bibliographiae catalogo. Mittheilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel 2, 305–371.Google Scholar
Capıtoli, RR and Bemvenuti, C (2004) Distribuição batimétrica e variações de diversidade dos macroinvertebrados bentônicos da plataforma continental e talude superior no extremo sul do Brasil. Atlântica 26, 27–43.Google Scholar
Carlgren, O (1921) Actiniaria I. Danish Ingolf-Expedition 5, 1–241.Google Scholar
Carlgren, O (1927) Actiniaria and Zoantharia. In Odhner, T (ed.), Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901–1903. P.A. Stockholm: Norstedt and Söner, pp. 1–102.Google Scholar
Carlgren, O (1931) Zur Kenntniss der Actiniaria Abasilaria. Arkiv för Zoologi 23A, 1–48.Google Scholar
Carlgren, O (1937) A new actinian. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 91, 1–4.Google Scholar
Carlgren, O (1940) A contribution to the knowledge of the structure and distribution of the cnidae in the Anthozoa. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets Handlingar 51, 1–62.Google Scholar
Carlgren, O (1941) Papers from Dr Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914–16. LXX. The Actiniaria and Zoantharia of St. Helena. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening 105, 1–20.Google Scholar
Carlgren, O (1942) Actiniaria II. Danish Ingolf-Expedition 5, 1–92.Google Scholar
Carlgren, O (1945) Further contributions to the knowledge of the cnidom in the Anthozoa especially in the Actiniaria. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets Handlingar 56, 1–24.Google Scholar
Carlgren, O (1949) A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria. K Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 1, 1–121.Google Scholar
Carlgren, O and Stephenson, TA (1928) The British Edwardsidae. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 15, 1–30.Google Scholar
Corrêa, DD (1964) Corallimorpharia e Actiniaria do Atlântico Oeste Tropical (PhD thesis). Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.Google Scholar
Crowell, S (1946) A new sea anemone from Wood Hole, Massachusetts. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science 36, 57–60.Google Scholar
Cutress, CE (1955) An interpretation of the structure and distribution of Cnidae in Anthozoa. Systematic Zoology 4, 120–137.Google Scholar
Daly, M (2002) A systematic revision of Edwardsiidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Invertebrate Biology 121, 212–225.Google Scholar
Daly, M and Ljubenkov, JC (2008) Edwardsiid sea anemones of California (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa 1860, 1–27.Google Scholar
Daly, M, Perissinotto, R, Laird, M, Dyer, D and Todaro, A (2012) Description and ecology of a new species of Edwardsia de Quatrefages, 1842 (Anthozoa, Actiniaria) from the St Lucia Estuary, South Africa. Marine Biological Research 8, 233–245.Google Scholar
Daly, M, Rack, F and Zook, R (2013) Edwardsiella andrillae, a new species of sea anemone from Antarctic ice. PLoS ONE 8, 1–8.Google Scholar
de Quatrefages, A (1842) Memoire sur les Edwardsies. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie 18, 65–109.Google Scholar
Dube, VMC (1974) Anêmonas-do-mar (Ordem Actiniaria) do Estado da Bahia (Master's Dissertation). Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.Google Scholar
Düben, MW and Koren, J (1847) Nordic actinians. Forhandl Skand Naturforsk 4, 66–268.Google Scholar
England, KW (1987) Actiniaria from the Red Sea and tropical Indo-Pacific. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History 53, 205–292.Google Scholar
Fautin, DG (1988) The importance of nematocysts to actiniarian taxonomy. In Hessinger DA & Lenhoff HM (eds), The Biology of Nematocysts. New York, NY: Academic Press, pp. 487–500.Google Scholar
Fautin, DG (2013) Hexacorallians of the World. Available at http://geoportal.kgs.ku.edu/hexacoral/anemone2/index.cfm (Accessed 2 November 2017).Google Scholar
Fautin, DG, Zelenchuck, T and Raveendran, D (2007) Genera of orders Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Hexacorallia), and their type species. Zootaxa 1668, 183–244.Google Scholar
Gomes, PB and Mayal, EM (1997) Levantamento preliminar das anêmonas-do-mar (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) da costa de Pernambuco, Brasil. Biociências 5, 45–52.Google Scholar
Gosse, PH (1853) On new or little known marine animals (No. 2). Annals and Magazine of Natural History 12, 153–159.Google Scholar
Gosse, PH (1860) A History of the British Sea-anemones and Corals. London: Van Voorst.Google Scholar
Gusmão, LC, Brandão, RA and Daly, M (2016) Edwardsia migottoi sp. nov., the first sea anemone species of Edwardsia de Quatrefages 1842 (Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic. Marine Biodiversity 48, 1313–1323.Google Scholar
Hand, C (1957) Another sea anemone from California and the types of certain Californian anemones. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 47, 411–414.Google Scholar
Hand, C and Uhlinger, KR (1994) The unique, widely distributed estuarine sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis Stephenson – a review, new facts, and questions. Estuaries 17, 501–508.Google Scholar
Häusserman, V (2004) Identification and taxonomy of soft-bodied hexacorals exemplified by Chilean sea anemones; including guidelines for sampling, preservation and examination. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84, 931–936.Google Scholar
Hertwig, R (1882) Die Actinien der Challenger Expedition. Jena: Gustav Fischer.Google Scholar
Humason, GL (1962) Animal Tissue Techniques. San Francisco, CA: W. H. Freeman and Company.Google Scholar
Manuel, RL (1977) A redescription of Edwardsia beautempsi and E. timida (Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae). Cahiers de Biologie Marine 18, 483–497.Google Scholar
Manuel, RL (1981 a) On the identity of the sea anemone Scolanthus callimorphus, Gosse, 1853 (Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae). Journal of Natural History 15, 265–276.Google Scholar
Manuel, RL (1981 b) British Anthozoa: Synopses of the British Anthozoa. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
McMurrich, JP (1893) Report on the Actiniae collected by the United States Fish Commission Steamer Albatross during the winter of 1887–1888. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 16, 119–216.Google Scholar
Nordgaard, O (1905) Hydrographical and Biological Investigations in Norwegian Fiords. Bergen: John Grieg.Google Scholar
Östman, C (1987) New techniques and old problems in hydrozoans systematic. In Bouillon, J., Boero, F., Cigogna, F. and Cornelius, P.F.S (eds), Modern Trends in the Systematics, Ecology and Evolution of Hydroids and Hydromedusae. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 67–82.Google Scholar
Östman, C (2000) A guideline to nematocysts nomenclature and classification, and some notes on the systematic value of nematocysts. Scientia Marina 64, 31–46.Google Scholar
Pagliosa, PR (2006) Distribuição da macrofauna bêntica do entremarés ao sublitoral em uma praia estuarina da Baía da Babitonga, Sul do Brasil. Biotemas 19, 25–33.Google Scholar
Pax, F (1936) Anthozoa (Teil II: Actiniaria, Octocorallia). In Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, vol. 30. Leipzig: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft. Liepzig: Becker & Erler, p. 317.Google Scholar
Pires, DO, Castro, CB, Migotto, AE and Marques, AC (1992) Cnidários bentônicos do arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Nacional 335, 1–21.Google Scholar
Pires-Vanin, AMS, Arasaki, E and Muniz, P (2013) Spatial pattern of benthic macrofauna in a sub-tropical shelf, São Sebastião Channel, southeastern Brazil/Aspectos ecológicos de la macrofauna bentónica del Canal de São Sebastião, sudeste de Brasil. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 41, 42–56.Google Scholar
Rafinesque, CS (1815) Analyse de la Nature ou Tableau de l'Univers et des Corps Organisés. Palermo: C.S. Rafinesque.Google Scholar
Reft, AJ (2012) Understanding the Morphology and Distribution of Nematocysts in Sea Anemones and their Relatives (PhD thesis). The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA.Google Scholar
Reitzel, AM, Darling, JA, Sullivan, JC and Finnerty, JR (2008) Global population genetic structure of the starlet anemone Nematostella vectensis: multiple introductions and implications for conservation policy. Biological Invasions 10, 1197–1213.Google Scholar
Rodríguez, E, Barbeitos, M, Daly, M, Gusmão, LC and Häussermann, V (2012) Toward a natural classification: phylogeny of acontiate sea anemones (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria). Cladistics 1, 1–18.Google Scholar
Rodríguez, E, Barbeitos, MS, Brugler, MR, Crowley, LM, Grajales, A, Gusmão, L, Hausserman, V, Reft, A and Daly, M (2014) Hidden among sea anemones: first comprehensive phylogenetic reconstruction of the order Actiniaria (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) reveals a novel group of hexacorals. PLoS ONE 9, 1–15.Google Scholar
Sanamyan, NP, Sanamyan, KE and Schories, D (2015) Shallow water Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from King George Island, Antarctica. Invertebrate Zoology 12, 1–51.Google Scholar
Sanders, HL, Mangelsdorf, PC and Hampson, GR (1965) Salinity and faunal distribution in the Pocasset River, Massachusetts. Limnology and Oceanography 10, 216–229.Google Scholar
Schmidt, H (1969) Die nesselkapslen der Aktinien und irhe differentialdiagnostische Bedeutung. Helgoländer Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 19, 284–317.Google Scholar
Schmidt, H (1972) Die Nesselkapseln der Anthozoen und ihre Bedeutung fur die phylogenetische Systematik. Helgoländer Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 23, 422–458.Google Scholar
Schmidt, H (1974) On evolution in the Anthozoa. Proceedings of the Second International Coral Reef Symposium 1, 533–560.Google Scholar
Schmidt, H (1979) Beitrage zur differentialdiagnose, morphologie und evolution der Edwardsiidae (Actiniaria, Anthozoa). Zeitschrift fur Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung 17, 211–220.Google Scholar
Silva, JF, Lima, CA, Perez, CD and Gomes, PB (2010) First record of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis (Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae) in southern hemisphere waters. Zootaxa 2343, 66–68.Google Scholar
Stephenson, TA (1921) On the classification of Actiniaria. Part II. Consideration of the whole group and its relationships, with special reference to forms not treated in Part I. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 65, 493–576.Google Scholar
Stephenson, TA (1935) The British Sea Anemones, vol. 2. London: The Ray Society.Google Scholar
Tommasi, LR (1967) Observações preliminares sobre a fauna bêntica de sedimentos moles da Baía de Santos e regiões vizinhas. Boletim do Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo 16, 43–65.Google Scholar
Verrill, AE (1922) The Actiniaria of the Canadian Arctic expeditions, with notes on interesting species from Hudson Bay and other Canadian localities. Report on the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913–1918 8, 89–164.Google Scholar
Weill, R (1934) Contribution a l’étude des Cnidaires et de leurs nématocystes. Paris: Les Presses Universitaires de France.Google Scholar
Williams, RB (1973) The significance of saline lagoons as refuges for rare species. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalist's Society 22, 387–392.Google Scholar
Williams, RB (1975) Catch-tentacles in sea anemones: occurrence in Haliplanella luciae (Verrill) and a review of current knowledge. Journal of Natural History 9, 241–248.Google Scholar
Williams, RB (1981) Edwardsia meridionalis sp. nov., from Antarctica and a preliminary revision of the genus Edwardsia de Quatrefages, 1841 (Coelenterata: Actiniaria). Records of the Australian Museum 33, 325–360.Google Scholar
Williams, RB (2003) Locomotory behaviour and functional morphology of Nematostella vectensis (Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae): a contribution to a comparative study of burrowing behaviour in athenarian sea anemones. Zoologische Verhandelingen 345, 437–484.Google Scholar
Zamponi, MO, Belém, MJC, Schlenz, E and Acuña, FH (1998) Distribution and some ecological aspects of Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria from shallow waters of the South American Atlantic coasts. Physis (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) (Buenos Aires), Sección A 55, 31–45.Google Scholar