Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T18:23:45.610Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Changes in Light Intensity and Diel Vertical Migration: a Comparison of Marine and Freshwater Environments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2009

J. Ringelberg
J. Ringelberg
Affiliation:
Department of Aquatic Ecology, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 320, 1098 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Proximate aspects of diel vertical migration in the freshwater and marine environment are compared using data from the literature. Examples of migrations in both environments are presented, from which it is concluded that relative changes in light intensity before sunrise and after sunset are primary causes of migrations. Experiments have shown that photoreactive behaviour is enhanced in the presence of predators but inhibited by shortage of food. These factors are called secondary causal factors. A hierarchy of causal factors is proposed. In lakes fish exudates suffice but in marine biotopes like bays, it is possible that fish have to be actually present for enhancement to take effect. To what extent the presented stimulus-response mechanism holds for mesopelagic animals in oceans is discussed on the basis of vertical distributions of euphausiids.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 75 , Issue 1 , February 1995 , pp. 15 - 25
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baker, A. De C., 1970. The vertical distribution of euphausiids near Fuerteventura, Canary Islands (‘Discovery’ Sond Cruise, 1965). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 50, 301–342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bary, B.McK., 1967. Diel vertical migration of underwater scattering, mostly in Saainich Inlet, British Columbia. Deep-Sea Research, 14, 35–50.Google Scholar
Blaxter, J.H.S., 1970. Light, animals, fishes. In Marine biology vol. 1, part 1 (ed. O., Kinne), pp. 213–230. London: J. Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Bollens, S.M. & Frost, B.W., 1989a. Zooplanktivorous fish and variable diel vertical migration in the marine plankton copepod Calanus pacificus. Limnology and Oceanography, 34, 1072–1083.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bollens, S.M. & Frost, B.W., 1989b. Predator-induced diel vertical migration in a planktonic copepod. Journal of Plankton Research, 11, 1047–1065.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bollens, S.M. & Frost, B.W., 1991. Diel vertical migration in zooplankton: rapid individual response to predators. Journal of Plankton Research, 13, 1359–1365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bollens, S.M., Frost, B.W., Thoreson, D.S. & Watts, S.J., 1992. Diel vertical migration in zooplankton: field evidence in support of the predator avoidance hypothesis. Hydrobiologia, 234, 33–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, G.E., 1934. The diurnal migration of copepods in St Georges Harbor, Bermuda. Biological Bulletin. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, 67, 456—459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, G.E. & Backus, R.H., 1956. Measurements of light penetration in relation to vertical migration and records of luminescence of deep-sea animals. Deep-Sea Research, 4, 1–14.Google Scholar
Cushing, D.H., 1951. The vertical migration of planktonic Crustacea. Biological Reviews, 26, 158–192.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daan, N. & Ringelberg, J., 1969. Further studies on the positive and negative phototactic reaction of Daphnia magna Straus. Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 19, 525–540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dodson, S., 1990. Predicting diel vertical migration of zooplankton. Limnology and Oceanography, 35, 1195–1200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forward, R.B. Jr & Hettler, W.F. Jr, 1992. Effects of feeding and predator exposure on photoresponses during diel vertical migration of brine shrimp larvae. Limnology and Oceanography, 37, 1261–1270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forward, R.B. Jr & Rittschof, D., 1993. Activation of photoresponses of brine shrimp nauplii involved in diel vertical migration by chemical cues from fish. Journal of Plankton Research, 15, 693–701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gabriel, W. & Thomas, B., 1988. Vertical Migration Of Zooplankton As An Evolutionarily Stable Strategy. American Naturalist, 132, 199–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
George, D.G., 1983. Interrelations between the vertical distribution of Daphnia and chlorophyll a in two large limnetic enclosures. Journal of Plankton Research, 5, 457–475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartline, H.K. & Ratliff, F., 1972. Inhibitory Interaction In The Retina Of Limulus. In Handbook of sensory physiology, vol. VII/2. Physiology of photoreceptor organs (ed. M.G.F., Fourtes), pp. 381–447. Berlin: Springer Verlag.Google Scholar
Huntley, M. & Brooks, E.R., 1982. Effects of age and food availability on diel vertical migration of Calanus pacificus. Marine Biology, 71, 23–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jerlov, N.G., 1951. Optical studies of ocean waters. Report Swedish Deep-Sea Expedition 1947–1948, vol. 3, no. 1, 59 pp.Google Scholar
Johnsen, G.H. & Jakobsen, P.J., 1987. The effect of food limitation on vertical migration in Daphnia longispina. Limnology and Oceanography, 32, 873–880.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kampa, E.M. & Boden, B.P., 1954. Submarine illumination and the twilight movement of a sonic scattering layer. Nature, London, 174, 869–872.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Land, M.F., 1980. Eye movements and the mechanism of vertical steering in euphausiid Crustacea. Journal of Comparative Physiology, 137A, 255–265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Land, M.F., 1992. Locomotion and visual behaviour of mid-water crustaceans. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 72, 41–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Licor, , 1982. Instruction manual. Publication no. 8004–03. Licor: Lincoln, Nebraska.Google Scholar
Longhurst, A.R., 1976. Vertical migration. In The ecology of the seas (ed. D.H., Cushing and J.J., Walsh), pp. 116–137. Oxford: Blackwell Press.Google Scholar
Loose, C.J., 1993. Daphnia diel vertical migration behavior: response to vertebrate predator abundance. Archivfiir Hydrobiologie/Ergebnisse der Limnologie, 39, 29–36.Google Scholar
Ringelberg, J.,1964. The positively phototactic reaction of Daphnia magna Straus: a contribution to the understanding of diurnal vertical migration. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research, 2, 319–406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ringelberg, J., 1987. Light induced behaviour in Daphnia. In Daphnia (ed. R.H., Peters and R., de Bernardi). Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia Dott. Marco deMarchi. Milan, 45, 285–323.Google Scholar
Ringelberg, J., 1991. Enhancement of the phototactic reaction in Daphnia hyalina by a chemical mediated by juvenile perch (Perca fluviatilis). Journal of Plankton Research, 13, 17–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ringelberg, J., 1993. Phototaxis as a behavioural component of diel vertical migration in a pelagic Daphnia. Archivfiir Hydrobiologie/Ergebnisse der Limnologie, 39, 45–55.Google Scholar
Ringelberg, J., 1994. An account of a preliminary mechanistic model of swimming behaviour in Daphnia: its use in understanding diel vertical migration. Hydrobiologia, in press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ringelberg, J., Flik, B.J.G. & Buis, R.C., 1975. Contrast orientation in Daphnia magna and its significance for vertical plane orientation in the pelagic biotope in general. Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 25, 454–475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ringelberg, J., Flik, B.J.G., Lindenaar, D. & Royackers, K., 1991. Diel vertical migration in Daphnia hyalina (sensu latiori) in Lake Maarsseveen. Part 1. Aspects of seasonal and daily timing. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 121, 129–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ringelberg, J., Kasteel, J. Van & Servaas, H., 1967. The sensitivity of Daphnia magna Straus to changes in light intensity at various adaptation levels and its implications in diurnal vertical migration. Zeitschrift fur Vergleichende Physiologie, 56, 397–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, F.S., 1926. The vertical distribution of marine macroplankton. IV. The apparent importance of light intensity as a controlling factor in the behaviour of certain species in the Plymouth area. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 14, 415–440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sasaki, T., Watanabe, S., Oshiba, G. & Okami, N., 1960. Measurements of perpendicular and horizontal angular distributions of submarine daylight by means of a remote control instrument. Records of Oceanographic Works in Japan, special number 4, 197–205.Google Scholar
Segal, E., 1970. Light, animals invertebrates. In Marine ecology. Part 1. Environmental factors (ed. O., Kinne), pp. 194–206. London: Wiley-Interscience.Google Scholar
Siebeck, O., 1960. Untersuchungen iiber die Vertikalwanderung planktischer Crustaceen unter Berücksichtigung der Strahlungsverhältnisse. Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie, 45, 381–454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siebeck, O., 1980. Optical orientation of pelagic crustaceans and its consequence in the pelagic and littoral zones. In Evolution and ecology of zooplankton communities (ed. W.C., Kerfoot), pp. 28–38. Dartmouth: The University Press of New England.Google Scholar
Stearns, D.E., 1983. Control of nocturnal vertical migration in the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa Dana in the Neivport River estuary, North Carolina. PhD thesis, Duke University, USA.Google Scholar
Stearns, D.E. & Forward, R.B. Jr, 1984. Photosensitivity of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa. Marine Biology, 82, 85–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stich, H.-B. & Lampert, W., 1981. Predator evasion as an explanation of diurnal vertical migration by zooplankton. Nature, London, 293, 396–398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stich, H.-B. & Lampert, W., 1984. Growth and reproduction of migrating and non-migrating Daphnia species under simulated food and temperature conditions of diurnal vertical migration. Oecologia, 61, 192–196.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waterman, T.H., 1974. Underwater light and the orientation of animals. In Optical aspects of oceanography (ed. N.G., Jerlov and E., Steemann Nielsen), p. 415–443. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Whitney, L.V., 1941. The angular distribution of characteristic diffuse light in natural waters. Journal of Marine Research, 4, 122–131.Google Scholar