Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T06:41:42.110Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Ammonium-Limited Continuous Culures of Skeletonema Costatum in Steady and Transitional State: Experimental Results and Model Simulations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2009

Helmut Maske
Helmut Maske
Affiliation:
Institut fur Meereskunde, Marine Planktologie, Diisternbrooker Weg 20, 2300 Kiel, West Germany
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The physiological response of ammonium-limited continuous cultures of Skeletonema costatum (Grev.)Cleve to steady-state and transient conditions was tested and compared to simulations with a Droop-type quota model and a four-state variable model (internal amino acid pool added to the quota model). External ammonium, free internal amino acids, protein, silicate and culture-cell volume were measured.

All cultures showed reproducible changes in growth and uptake kinetics due to spontaneous cell-cycle synchronization of the populations. Under steady-state conditions protein decreased with increasinggrowth rate from 82%; cell-nitrogen to 52% and free internal amino acids increased from 2·5% cell-nitrogen to 8%. Under transient conditions amino acids could reach 25% of cell-nitrogen.

A comparison of model and culture results yielded the following information: Both models could simulate steady-state and most transient conditions. The dependence of the quota on steady-state growth rate is not the result of changes in amino acid or protein pool size. The amino acid pool, an intermediary step in the nitrogen assimilation, does not serve to increase the time lag in growth response significantly. The four-state variable model reproduced under most conditions the behaviour of theamino acid pool without the use of feedback control mechanisms on the rate of uptake. The models could simulate a strong increase in growth rate except when it was initiated by impulse dilution of the culture. Then growth response was controlled by epigenetic mechanisms induction of enzyme synthesis). (6) The maximum nutrient uptake rate per culture cell volume of Skeletonema is inversely related to cell size.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 62 , Issue 4 , November 1982 , pp. 919 - 943
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1982

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Armstrong, F. A.J.Stearns, C. R. & Strickland, J. D. H., 1967. The measurement of upwelling and subsequent biological processes by means of the Technicon Analyzer(r) and associated equipment. Deep-Sea Research, 14, 381–389.Google Scholar
Benson, J. R. &Hare, P. E., 1975. 0-Phthalaldehyde: fluorogenic detection of primary amines in the picomole range.Comparison with fiuorescamine and ninhydrin. Proceedings of the National Acádemy of Sciences of the United States of America 72, 619–622.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burmaster, D. E., 1979. The unsteady continuous culture of phosphate-limitedMonochrysis lutheri Droop: experimental and theoretical analysis. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 39, 167–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Button, D. K., 1977. On the theory of control of microbial growth kinetics by limiting nutrient. concentrations. Deep-Sea Research, 25, 1163–1177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caperon, J. & Meyer, J., 1972a. Nitrogen-limited growth of marine phytoplankton. I. Changes in population characteristics with steady state growth rate. Deep-Sea Research, 19, 601–618.Google Scholar
Caperon, J. & Meyer, J., 1972b. Nitrogen-limited growth of marine phytoplankton. II. Uptake kinetics and their role in nutrient limited growth of phytoplankton. Deep-Sea Research 19, 619–632.Google Scholar
Castellvi, J. 1971. Contribution a la biologia de Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve. Investigation pesquera 35, 365–520.Google Scholar
Chisholm, S. W., Azam, F. & Eppley, R. W., 1978. Silicic acid incorporation in marine diatoms on light: dark cycles: use as an assay for phased cell division. Limnology and Oceanography, 23, 518&529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conway, H. L., Harrison, P. J. & Davis, C. O., 1976. Marine diatoms grown in chemostats undersilicate or ammonium limitation. II. Transient response of Skeletonema costatum to a single addition of the limiting nutrient. Marine Biology, 35, 187–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cowey, C. B. & Cornere., D. S., 1966. The amino-acid composition of certain unicellular algae, and of the faecal pellets produced by Calanus finmarchicus when feeding on them. In Some Contemporary Studies in Marine Science (ed. Barnes, H.), pp. 225–231. London:George Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Davis, C. O.Breitner, N. F. & Harrison, P. J. 1978. Continuous culture of marine diatoms under silicate limitation. III. A model of Si-limited diatom growth. Limnology and Oceanography, 23, 41–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, C. O., Harrison, P. J. & Dugdale, R. C, 1973. Continuous culture of marine diatoms under silicate limitation. I. Synchronized life cycle of Skeletonema costatum. Journal of Phycology, 9, 175&180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dorsey, T. E.Mcdonald, P. & Roels, O. R. 1978. Measurements of phytoplankton-protein content with the heated biuret folin assay. Journal of Phycology, 14, 167–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dortch, F. Q. 1980. Nitrate and Ammonium Uptake and Assimilation in Three Marine Diatoms. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle.Google Scholar
Drebes, G. 1966. On the life history of the marine plankton diatom Stephanopyxis palmeriana (Grev.) Grunow. Helgoldnder zvissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 13, 101–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Droop, M. R., 1968. Vitamin Bj2 and marine ecology. IV. The kinetics of uptake, growth and inhibition in Monochrysis lutheri. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 48, 689–733.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Droop, M. R. 1973. Some thoughts on nutrient limitation in algae. Journal of Phycology, 9, 264–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Droop, M. R., 1974. The nutrient status of algal cells in continuous culture. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 54, 825–855.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Droop, M. R., 1975. The nutrient status of algal cells in batch culture. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 55 541–555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dugdale, R. C 1977. Nutrient modeling. In The Sea (ed. Goldberg, E. D. et al.), pp. 789–806. New York:John Wiley.Google Scholar
Friedrich, G. O. & Whitledget, E., 1972. Autoanalyzer procedures for nutrients. Special Report. Department of Oceanography, University of Washington, no.52, 38–55.Google Scholar
Frischh., L. & Gotham, I. J., III, 1977. On periodic algal cyclostat populations. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 66, 665–678.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furnas, M., 1978. Influence of temperature and cell size on the division rate and chemical content of the diatom Chaetoceros curvisetum Cleve. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 34, 97–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldman, J. C. & Mccarthy, J. J., 1978. Steady state growth andammonium uptake of a fast growing diatom. Limnology and Oceanography, 23, 695–703.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodwin, B. C 1976. Analytical Physiology of Cells and Developing Organisms. 240pp. Academic Press.Google Scholar
Guillard, R. R. L. & Ryther, J. H., 1962. Studies of marine planktonic diatoms. I. Cyclotella nana Hustedt, and Detonula confervacea (Cleve) Gran. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 8, 229– 239.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hare, T. A. & Schmidt, R. R. 1965. Nitrogen metabolism during synchronous growth oiChlorella pyrenoidosa. I. Protein amino acid distribution. Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology, 65, 63–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hare, T. A. & Schmidt, R. R., 1969. Nitrogen metabolism during synchronous growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. II. Free-, peptide- and protein-amino acid distribution. Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 75, 73–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, P. J., Conway, H. L.Dugdale, R. C 1976. Marine diatoms grown in chemostats under silicate or ammonium limitation. I. Cellular chemical composition and steady state growth kinetics of Skeletonema costatum. Marine Biology, 35, 177–186.Google Scholar
Healey, F. P. 1975. Physiological indicators of nutrient deficiency in algae. Technical Report. Fisheries and Marine Service, Canada, no.585, 30pp.Google Scholar
Herbert, D.Elsworth, R. & Telling, R. C 1956. The continuous culture of bacteria: a theoretical and experimental study. Journal of General Microbiology, 14, 601–622.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
King, P. J. 1977. Studies on the growth in culture of plant cells. XXII. Growth limitation by nitrate and glucose in chemostat cultures of Acer pseudoplatanus L. Journal of Experimental Botany, 28, 142–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kutchai, H. & Geddis, L. M., 1977. Determination of protein in red cell membrane preparations by o-phthalaldehyde fluorescence. Analytical Biochemistry, 77, 315–319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lehman, J. T.Botkin, D.B. & Likens, G. E., 1975. The assumptions and rationales of a computer model of phytoplankton population dynamics. Limnology and Oceanography, 20, 343–364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayzaud, P.& Martin, J. L., 1975. Some aspects of the biochemical mineral composition of marine plankton. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 17, 297–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mickelson, M. J., Maske, H. & Dugdale, R.C., 1979. Nutrient-determined dominance in multispecies chemostat culture of diatoms. Limnology and Oceanography, 24, 298–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Migitaj, S., 1967. Sexual reproduction of centric diatom Skeletonema costatum. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 33, 392–397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paasche, E., 1973. The influence of cell size on growth rate, silica content, and some other properties of four marine diatom species. Norwegian Journal of Botany 20, 197–204.Google Scholar
Rhee, G.-Y. 1978. Effects of N:P atomic ratios and nitrate limitation on algal growth, cell composition and nitrate uptake. Limnology and Oceanography, 23, 10–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roth, M. 1971. Fluorescence reaction for amino acids. Analytical Chemistry, 43, 880–882.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schutt, F. 1886. Auxosporenbildung von Rhizosolenia alata. Berichtder Deutschen botanischen Gesellschaft, 4, 8–14.Google Scholar
Slawyk, G. & Macisaac, J. J. 1972. Comparison of two automated ammonium methods in a region of coastal upwelling. Deep-Sea Research, 19, 521–524.Google Scholar
Sober, H. A., 1968. Handbook of Biochemistry. Cleveland: The Chemical Rubber Company.Google Scholar
Werner, D., 1971a. Der Entwicklungszyklus mit Sexualphase bei der marinen Diatomee Coscinodiscus asteromphalus. I. Kultur und Synchronisation mit Entwicklungsstadien. Archiv filrMikrobiologie, 80, 43–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Werner, D., 1971b. Der Entwicklungszyklus mit Sexualphase bei der marinen Diatomee Coscinodiscus aster omphalus. II. Oberflachenabhangige Differenzierung wahrend der vegetativen Zellverkleinerung. Archiv fiir Mikrobiologie, 80, 115–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, F. M., 1971. Dynamics of microbial populations. In Systems Analysis and Simulation in Ecology, vol. 1 (ed. Patten, B. C.), pp.197–267.. Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wimpenny, R. S., 1966. The size of diatoms. IV. The cell diameter in Rhizosolenia styliformis var. oceana. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 46, 541–546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zurmuhl, R. 1965. Praktische Mathematik, 5th ed.561 pp. Springer Verlag.Google Scholar