Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T07:39:26.608Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Vertical distribution and feeding of Thalia democratica on the Agulhas Bank during march 1994

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 October 2009

M.J. Gibbons
M.J. Gibbons
Affiliation:
Marine Biology Research Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, Cape Town, South Africa.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Diel vertical migration (DVM) and in situ feeding of Thalia democratica (Tunicata: Thaliacea) was studied in the field (Agulhas Bank, South Africa) over a 48 h period in March 1994. Thalia democratica did not display DVM, and both aggregates and solitaires were mostly confined to the upper layers of the water column throughout the study period. Thalia democratica did not display any discernible diel feeding rhythm, and pigment content increased with salp size. Individuals with greatest pigment content were found at the chlorophyll maximum. Estimates of grazing impact varied with salp abundance and gut passage time, ranging from less than 1% to greater than 100% of phytoplankton productivity.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 77 , Issue 2 , May 1997 , pp. 493 - 505
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Alldredge, A.L. & Madin, L.P., 1982. Pelagic tunicates: unique herbivores in the marine plankton. Bioscience, 32, 655–663.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersen, V., 1985. Filtration and ingestion rates of Salpa fiisiformis Cuvier (Tunicata: Thaliacea): effects of size, individual weight and algal concentration. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 87, 13–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersen, V., 1986. Effect of temperature on the filtration rate and percentage of assimilation of Salpa fusiformis Cuvier (Tunicata: Thaliacea). Hydrobiologia, 137, 135–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Attwood, C.G. & Peterson, W.T., 1989. Reduction in fecundity and lipids of the copepod Calanus australis (Brodskii) by strongly pulsed upwelling. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 129, 121–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berner, L.D., 1967. Distributional atlas of Thaliacea in the California Current region. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigation, Atlas 8, 1–322.Google Scholar
Boyd, A.J. & Shillington, F.A., 1994. Physical forcing and circulation patterns of the eastern Agulhas Bank. South African Journal of Science. Cape Town, 90, 114–122.Google Scholar
Caron, D.A., Madin, L.P. & Cole, J.J., 1989. Composition and degradation of salp fecal pellets: implications for vertical flux in oceanic environments. Journal of Marine Research, 47, 829–850.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cochrane, K. & Krohn, R., 1994. The Agulhas Bank synthesis series: an introduction. South African Journal of Science. Cape Town, 90, 108–109.Google Scholar
Dagg, M.J., 1993. Grazing by the copepod community does not control phytoplankton production in the subarctic Pacific Ocean. Progress in Oceanography, 32, 163–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dagg, M.J. & Walser, W.E. Jr, 1987. Ingestion, gut passage and egestion by the copepod Neocalanus plumchrus in the laboratory and in the subarctic Pacific Ocean. Limnology and Oceanography, 32, 178–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dam, H.G. & Peterson, W.T., 1988. The effect of temperature on the gut clearance rate constant of planktonic copepods. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 123, 1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Decker, A.H.B., 1973. Agulhas Bank plankton. In The biology of the Indian Ocean (ed. Zeitzschel, B.), pp. 189–219. Berlin: Springer Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deibel, D., 1982. Laboratory-measured grazing and ingestion rates of the salp, Thalia democratica Forskal, and the doliolid, Dolioletta gegenbauri Uljanin (Tunicata, Thaliacea). Journal of Plankton Research, 4, 189–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foxton, P., 1966. The distribution and life-history of Salpa thompsoni Foxton with observations on a related species, Salpa gerlachei Foxton. Discovery Reports, 34, 1–116.Google Scholar
Furnestin, M.-L., 1957. Chaetognathes et zooplancton du secteur atlantique marocain. Revue des Travaux de l’Institut des Pêches Maritimes. Paris, 21, 1–356.Google Scholar
Gibbons, M.J., 1993. Vertical migration and feeding of Euphausia lucens at two 72 h stations in the southern Benguela upwelling region. Marine Biology, 116, 257–268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibbons, M.J., Barange, M. & Hutchings, L., 1995. Zoogeography and diversity of euphausiids around southern Africa. Marine Biology, 123, 257–268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harbison, G.R. & Gilmer, R.W., 1976. The feeding rates of the pelagic tunicate Pegea confederata and two other salps. Limnology and Oceanography, 21, 517–528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harbison, G.R. & McAlister, V.L., 1979. The filter-feeding rates and particle retention efficiencies of three species of Cyclosalpa (Tunicata: Thaliacea). Limnology and Oceanography, 24, 875–892.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harbison, G.R., McAlister, V.L. & Gilmer, R.W., 1986. The response of the salp, Pegea confoederata, to high levels of particulate material: starvation in the midst of plenty. Limnology and Oceanography, 31, 371–382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hardy, A.C. & Gunther, E.R., 1935. The plankton of the South Georgia whaling grounds and adjacent waters, 1926–1927. Discovery Reports, 11, 1–156.Google Scholar
Heron, A.C., 1972. Population ecology of a colonising species: the pelagic tunicate Thalia democratica. I. Individual growth rate and generation time. Oecologia, 10, 269–293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heron, A.C. & Benham, E.E., 1984. Individual growth rates of salps in three populations. Journal of Plankton Research, 6, 811–828.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heron, A.C. & Benham, E.E., 1985. Life history parameters as indicators of growth rate in three salp populations. Journal of Plankton Research, 7, 365–379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heron, A.C, McWilliam, P.S. & Dal Pont, G., 1988. Length-weight relation in the salp Thalia democratica and potential of salps as a source of food. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 42, 125–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kashkina, A. A., 1986. Feeding of fishes on salps (Tunicata, Thaliacea). Journal of Ichthyology, 26, 57–64.Google Scholar
Kremer, P. & Madin, L.P., 1992. Particle retention efficiency of salps. Journal of Plankton Research, 14, 1009–1015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larson, R.J., Mills, C.E. & Harbison, G.R., 1989. In situ foraging and feeding behaviour of Narcomedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 69, 785–794.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazarus, B.I. & Dowler, D., 1979. Pelagic tunicata off the west and south-west coasts of South Africa, 1964–1965. Fisheries Bulletin. South Africa, 12, 93–119.Google Scholar
MacKintosh, N.A., 1934. Distribution of the macroplankton in the Atlantic sector of the Antarctic. Discovery Reports, 9, 65–160.Google Scholar
Madin, L.P., 1974. Field observations on the feeding behavior of salps (Tunicata: Thaliacea). Marine Biology, 25, 143–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madin, L.P. & Cetta, CM., 1984. The use of gut fluorescence to estimate grazing by oceanic salps. Journal of Plankton Research, 6, 475–492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madin, L.P. & Purcell, J.E., 1992. Feeding, metabolism, and growth of Cyclosalpa bakeri in the subarctic Pacific. Limnology and Oceanography, 37, 1236–1251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morales, C.E., Harris, R.P., Head, R.N. & Tranter, P.R.G., 1993. Copepod grazing in the oceanic northeast Atlantic during a 6 week drifting station: the contribution of size classes and vertical migrants. Journal of Plankton Research, 15, 185–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, R.J., Bone, Q., Head, R., Braconnot, J. C & Nival, P., 1988. Role of salps in the flux of organic matter to the bottom of the Ligurian Sea. Marine Biology, 97, 237–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mullin, M.M., 1983. In situ measurement of filtering rates of the salp, Thalia democratica, on phytoplankton and bacteria. Journal of Plankton Research, 5, 279–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paffenhôfer, G.-A., Atkinson, L.P., Lee, T.N., Verity, P.G. & Bulluck, L.R., III, 1995. Distribution and abundance of thaliaceans and copepods off the southeastern U.S.A. during winter. Continental Shelf Research, 15, 255–280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paffenhôfer, G.-A. & Lee, T.N., 1987. Development and persistence of patches of Thaliacea. South African Journal of Marine Science. Cape Town, 5, 305–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parsons, T.R., Maita, Y., Lalli, C.M., 1984. A manual of chemical and biological methods for seawater analysis. New York: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Payne, A.I.L., Brink, K.H., Mann, K.H. & Hilborn, R., ed., 1992. Benguela trophic functioning. South African Journal of Marine Science. Cape Town, 12, 1–1108.Google Scholar
Payne, A.I.L., Gulland, J.A. & Brink, K.H., ed., 1987. The Benguela and comparable ecosystems. South African Journal of Marine Science. Cape Town, 5, 1–957.Google Scholar
Pearre, S. Jr, 1973. Vertical migration and feeding in Sagitta elegans Verrill. Ecology, 54, 300–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peterson, W.T., Hutchings, L., Huggett, J.A. & Largier, J.L., 1992. Anchovy spawning in relation to the biomass and the replenishment rate of their copepod prey on the western Agulhas Bank. South African Journal of Marine Science. Cape Town, 12, 487–500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Probyn, T.A., Mitchell-Innes, B.A., Brown, P.C., Hutchings, L. & Carter, R.A., 1994. A review of primary production and related processes on the Agulhas Bank. South African Journal of Science. Cape Town, 90, 166–173.Google Scholar
Purcell, J.E., 1981. Dietary composition and diel feeding patterns of epipelagic siphonophores. Marine Biology, 65, 83–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Purcell, J.E., 1985. Predation on fish eggs and larvae by pelagic cnidarians and ctenophores. Bulletin of Marine Science, 37, 739–755.Google Scholar
Purcell, J.E. & Madin, L.P., 1991. Diel patterns of migration, feeding, and spawning by salps in the subarctic Pacific. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 73, 211–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raymont, J.E.G., 1983. Plankton and productivity in the oceans. Vol. 2. Zooplankton. Oxford: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Roel, B.A., Hewitson, J., Kerstan, S. & Hampton, I., 1994. The role of the Agulhas Bank in the life cycle of pelagic fish. South African Journal of Science. Cape Town, 90, 185–196.Google Scholar
Shannon, L.V. & Chapman, P., 1983. Incidence of Physalia on beaches in the south western Cape Province during January 1983. South African Journal of Science. Cape Town, 79, 454–158.Google Scholar
Silver, M.W. & Bruland, K.W., 1981. Differential feeding and fecal pellet composition of salps and pteropods, and the possible origin of the deep-water flora and olive-green ‘cells’. Marine Biology, 62, 263–273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, H., 1948. Pelagic tunicates of Australia. Melbourne: Commonwealth Council for Scientific and Industrial Research.Google Scholar
Tsuda, A. & Nemoto, T., 1992. Distribution and growth of salps in a Kuroshio warm-core ring during summer 1987. Deep-Sea Research, 39, supplement 1A, S219–S229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Zyl, R.P., 1960. A preliminary study of the salps and doliolids off the west and south west coasts of South Africa. Investigational Report. Division of Fisheries, South Africa, 40, 1–31.Google Scholar
Verheye, H.M., Hutchings, L., Huggett, J.A., Carter, R.A., Peterson, W.T. & Painting, S.J., 1994. Community structure, distribution and trophic ecology of zooplankton on the Agulhas Bank with special reference to copepods. South African journal of Science. Cape Town, 90, 154–165.Google Scholar
Wiebe, P.H., Madin, L.P., Haury, L.R., Harbison, G.R. & Philbin, L.M., 1979. Diel vertical migration by Salpa aspera and its potential for large-scale particulate organic matter transport to the deep-sea. Marine Biology, 53, 249–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zar, J.H., 1984. Biostatistical analysis. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar