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Sterol and fatty acid composition of four marine haptophycean algae

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2009

J. K. Volkman ,
D. J. Smith ,
G. Eglinton ,
T. E. V. Forsberg  and
E. D. S. Corner
J. K. Volkman
Affiliation:
Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol
D. J. Smith
Affiliation:
Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol
G. Eglinton
Affiliation:
Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol
T. E. V. Forsberg
Affiliation:
The Laboratory, Marine Biological Association, Citadel Hill, Plymouth
E. D. S. Corner
Affiliation:
The Laboratory, Marine Biological Association, Citadel Hill, Plymouth
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Extract

The lipids of four marine coccolithophorids (class Haptophyceae), Emiliania huxleyi, Hymenomonas carterae, Isochrysis galbana and Crystallolithus hyalinus, were examined by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fatty acids ranged from C14 to C22 and were predominantly of even chain length. The major acids were polyunsaturated C18 acids, 22:6 and either 14:0 or 16:0. C20 fatty acids were of low abundance. Significant amounts of octadecapentaenoic acid (18:5), previously thought to be unique to dinoflagellates, were identified in three of the algae. A small amount of a di-unsaturated C36 w-alkenoic acid was identified in E. huxleyi, which is the first report of such a long-chain fatty acid in any alga. Traces of wax esters, which are reportedly uncommon inalgae, were found in three of the species. The sterol distributions were very simple, with two or three compounds accounting for > 99% of the total sterols. In each case, the major component was 24-methylcholesta-5,22E-dien-3β-ol. H. carterae and C. hyalinus also contained 24-ethylcholesta-5,22E-dien-3β-ol and significant amounts of cholest-5-en-3β-ol were found in E. huxleyi and I. galbana. An unusual sterol, 23,24-dimethylcholesta-5,22E-dien-3β-ol, was identified in H. carterae. These sterols were mostly non-esterified although small amounts of sterol esters were identified in E. huxleyi. The lipid composition of E. huxleyi is distinctive in that it contains, in addition to the C36 fatty acid, novel C37–C39 unsaturated ketones and C31–C38 alkenes. Of the other coccolithophorids only I. galbana contained small quantities of one of the C3l alkenes.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 61 , Issue 2 , May 1981 , pp. 509 - 527
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1981

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