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Report on the Present State of Knowledge with regard to the Habits and Migrations of the Mackerel (Scomber scomber).

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2009

E. J. Allen
E. J. Allen
Affiliation:
Director of the Plymouth Laboratory.
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Extract

The mackerel (Scomber scomber) is a pelagic and migratory fish, which during the warmer months of the year frequents the coastal waters in the northern temperate region of the Atlantic. The whole form of the fish is evidently well fitted for swift motion and the free-swimming mode of life. The spindle-shaped outline of the body, its perfect curves and rounded surfaces, the absence of all irregular projections which would tend to retard forward movement, the great muscular development of the tail, and the deep forking of the caudal fin, combine to produce an almost ideal adaptation for propulsion at high speed through the water.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 5 , Issue 1 , August 1897 , pp. 1 - 29
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1897

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References

page 1 note * The term pelagic is used in the sense in which it was originally employed by Johannes Miiller, and subsequently by Haeckel. The mackerel is not a pelagic fish in the restricted sense adopted by Günther, who employs this term to include only such free-swimming fishes as inhabit the open ocean at a great distance from land.

page 1 note † Cf. BASHFORD DEAN, Fishes, Living and Fossil, pp. 2–6.

page 1 note ‡ Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc., N.S., vol. i. pp. 249–250.

page 2 note * Fishery Board for Scotland. 10th Report, 1891, p. 342.

page 2 note † Occasional specimens may be taken further north and south than the limits here indicated, but they are not present in sufficient numbers to give rise to a fishery.

page 2 note ‡ Report U.S. Fish. Com., 1889–91, p. 203.

page 2 note § Jordan and Everman, “Check-list of Fishes,” Report U.S. Fish. Com., 1895.

page 3 note * Report for 1875. English translation. Report of U.S. Fish. Com., 1877.

page 3 note † Land and Water, May 20, 1871, p. 353.

page 3 note ‡ Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc., N.S., vol. i. p. 25.

page 3 note § Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist. Marseille Zool. Appliquée, i., 1889.

page 3 note ‖ Natural History of Marketable Marine Fishes. London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., 1896.

page 3 note ¶ “Notes on the Irish Mackerel Fisheries.” Bull. U.S. Fish. Com., 1893.

page 3 note ** (1) “Survey of Fishing Grounds on the West Coast.” Royal Dublin Society. Report of Council for 1891.(2) Scientific Transactions Roy. Dublin Soc., 1893. Fishes.

page 4 note * See especially Report U.S. Fish. Com., 1881.

page 4 note † Report U.S. Fish. Com., 1895.

page 4 note ‡ Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist. Marseille Zool. Appliquée, 1889–91.

page 5 note * Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc., N.S., vol. ii, pp. 230–233.

page 5 note † Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc., N.S., vol. ii. p. 71.

page 5 note ‡ Holt himself also mentions these fish. Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc., vol. ii. p. 396.

page 5 note § British Fishes, vol. i. p. 89.

page 5 note ‖ Report U.S. Fish. Com., 1881, p. 114.

page 8 note * See Cunningham. Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc., N.S., vol. ii. pp. 223 and 236.

page 8 note † Ann. Mus. Nat. IIist. Marseille Zool. Appliquée, i., 1889, p. 87.

page 9 note * Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc., N.S., ii. p. 232.

page 10 note * Report for 1875. English Translation in Report U.S. Fish. Com., 1877, pp. 667–680.

page 10 note † Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist. Marseille Zool. Appliquée.

page 12 note * Inspector's Report, 1895. (Table, Spring Mackerel Fishery.)

page 12 note † Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc., vol. ii. p. 7.

page 17 note * Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist. Marseille Zool. Appliquée, vol. i. p. 85.

page 17 note † Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist. Marseille Zool. Appliquée, vol. ii. p. 58.

page 17 note ‡ Report of U.S. Fish. Com., 1881, p. 97.

page 17 note § Bull. U.S. Fish. Com., vol. ii., 1882, p. 273.

page 18 note * Bull. Pêch. Mar., 1894 and 1895.

page 18 note † Green, Rev. W.S. “Notes on the Irish Mackerel Fisheries.” Bull. U.S. Fish. Com., 1893, p. 357.

page 19 note * Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist. Marseille Zool. Appliquées, 1891, p. iii.

page 20 note * Baldaque daSilva. Estado Actual das pcscas em Pordugal. See also Mitt. Deutsch seefischereivereins, 1895, p. 61.

page 20 note † In exceptional years mackerel may be taken in this part of the Channel in numbers in February and March. In March, 1833, and in February and March, 1834, according to Yarrell, boats from Hastings had large catches; but it is not states where the fish had been captured. YARRELL. British Fishes, pp. 125, 126.

page 20 note ‡ Holdsworth. Deep-sea Fishing, p. 213.

page 21 note * Bull. U.S. Fish. Com., vol. v. p. 60.

page 21 note † Report of U.S. Fish. Com., 1881, p. 136.

page 21 note ‡ Report of U.S. Fish. Com., 1881, p. 121.

page 22 note * Report for 1875. English Translation, Report of U.S. Fish. Com., 1877, p. 671.

page 22 note † Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist. Marseille Zool. Appliquée, i. p. 84.

page 23 note * Cunningham. Nat. Hist. Mark. Mar. Fish., p. 316.

page 24 note * Collins, J. W. Report of U.S. Fish Com., 1881, p. 121.

page 24 note † “History of the Menhaden.” U.S. Fish. Com. Report, 1877, especially pp. 50–70. “Materials for a History of the Mackerel Fishery.” U.S. Fish. Com. Report, 1881.

page 24 note ‡ “Notes on the Irish Mackerel Fisheries.” Bull. U.S. Fish. Com., 1893, p. 357.

page 26 note * Cunningham. Nat. Hist. Mark. Mar. Fish., p. 153.

page 27 note * See especially SpencerBaird, “Sea Fisheries of Eastern North America,” and Appendix. Report of U.S. Fish Com., 1886.

page 29 note * Report of U.S. Fish. Com., 1877.