Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-03T14:11:43.758Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

On the behaviour of barnacles: I. The relation of cirral and other activities to temperature

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2009

A. J. Southward
A. J. Southward
Affiliation:
From the Plymouth Laboratory and The Marine Biological Station, Port Erin
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

In previous papers (Southward, 1950, 1951 Southward & Crisp, 1952, 1954 a, b: see also Kitching, 1950 Moore & Kitching, 1939) it has been shown that the geographical distribution of several common intertidal animals in Britain is related to the temperatures prevailing in the different regions. Species of generally southern distribution in Europe are commonest on, or restricted to, the south and west coasts of Britain, where temperatures are higher, while those species of essentially northern character are commoner in the north and east where the temperatures are lower. Where species of northern and southern distribution occur side by side in the same habitat, and are in competition, it seems important to know the range of temperatures over which processes such as feeding and respiration can be carried out, as well as the often narrower range of temperatures within which breeding can take place (cf. Orton, 1920). For example, the two common intertidal barnacles of the European coasts, Chthamalus stellatus (Poli) and Balanus balanoides (L.), occur side by side only in Britain and Northern France, where they reach the northern and southern limits respectively of their distributions. From the distributions it can be inferred that the vital activities of the two species are keyed to different temperature ranges. This implies that for each species there is an optimum range of temperature, above or below which the species becomes less efficient at feeding, respiring or reproducing. Where the two species occur side by side, there may be periods of the year when one of them is living outside its optimum range, and is at a disadvantage compared with the other species.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 34 , Issue 3 , October 1955 , pp. 403 - 422
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1955

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Admiralty, London, 1946. World Climatic Chart, Sheets I and II.Google Scholar
Air Ministry, London, 1949. Monthly Sea Surface Temperatures of North Atlantic Ocean.Google Scholar
Cole, W. H., 1929. The relation between temperature and the pedal rhythm of Balanus. J. gen. Physiol., Vol. 12, pp. 599–608.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cole, W. H. 1932. The sensitivity of the cirri and the variability of their movements in the barnacles Balanus tintinnabulum and B. balanoides. J. exp. Zool. Vol. 63, PP- 143–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, W. H. & Allison, J. B., 1937. Responses of the barnacle to some strong electrolytes and to urea, glucose, and glycerol. Physiol. Zoöl., Vol. 10, pp. 405–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crisp, D. J., 1950. Breeding and distribution of Chthamalus stellatus. Nature, Lond. Vol. 166, p. 311.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crisp, D. J. & Chipperfield, P. N. J., 1948. Occurrence of Elminius modestus Darwin in British waters. Nature, Lond., Vol. 161, p. 64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darwin, C., 1854. A Monograph on the Sub-Class Cirripedia: Balanidae, Verrucidae, etc., 684 pp. London: Ray Soc.Google Scholar
Deutschen, Seewarte, Hamburg, 1927. Atlas für Temperatur, Salzgehalt und Dichte der Nordsee und Ostsee.Google Scholar
Fox, H. M., 1939. The activity and metabolism of poikilothermal animals in different latitudes. V. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond.,, A, Vol. 109, pp. 141–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gruvel, A., 1905. Monographic des Cirrhipèdes ou Thecostrace's. 472 pp. Paris.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartog, C. Den, 1953. Immigration, dissemination and ecology of Elminius modestus Darwin in the North Sea, especially along the Dutch Coast. Beaufortia, Amsterdam, Vol. 4, pp. 9–20.Google Scholar
International Council, 1933. Atlas de temperature et salinite de I'eau de surface de la Mer du Nord et de la Manche. Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Kitching, J. A., 1950. The distribution of the littoral barnacle, Chthamalus stellatus, around the British Isles. Nature, Lond., Vol. 165, p. 820.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lumby, J. R., 1935. Salinity and temperature of the English Channel. Atlas of Charts. Fish. Invest., Lond., Ser. 2, Vol. 14, no. 3.Google Scholar
Mayer, A. G., 1914. The effects of temperature upon tropical marine animals. Pap.Tortugas Lab., Vol. 6, pp. 3–24.Google Scholar
Moore, H. B. & Kitching, J. A., 1939. The biology of Chthamalus stellatus (Poli). J. Mar. biol. Ass. U.K., Vol. 23, pp. 521–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orton, J. H., 1920. Sea-temperature, breeding and distribution in marine animals. J. Mar. biol. Ass. U.K., Vol. 12, pp. 339–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pilsbry, H. A., 1916. The sessile barnacles (Cirripedia) contained in the collections of the U.S. National Museum. Bull. U.S. nat. Mus., Vol. 93, pp. 1–366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Proudman, J., Lewis, H. M. & Dennis, A. L., 1937. On the temperature of the surface waters of the Irish Sea.Phil. Trans. A, Vol. 236, pp. 261–302.Google Scholar
Southward, A. J., 1950. Occurrence of Chthamalus stellatus in the Isle of Man. Nature, Lond., Vol. 165, p. 408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Southward, A. J., 1951. The distribution of Chthamalus stellatus in the Irish Sea. Nature, Lond., Vol. 167, p. 410.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Southward, A. J., 1955. On the behaviour of barnacles. II. The influence of habitat and tidelevel on cirral activity. J. Mar. biol. Ass U.K., Vol. 34, PP. 423–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Southward, A. J. & Crisp, D. J., 1952. Changes in the distribution of the intertidal barnacles in relation to the environment. Nature, Lond., Vol. 170, p. 416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Southward, A. J., 1954a. Changes in the distribution of the intertidal barnacles Chthamalus stellatus Polim and Balanus balanoides L. in the British Isles. J. anim. Ecol., Vol. 23, pp. 463–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Southward, A. J., 1954b. THe distribution of certain intertidal animals around the Irish Coast. Proc. R. Irish Acad., Vol. 57, B, No.1, pp.1–29.Google Scholar