Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T06:36:39.048Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Institute Of Oceanographic Sciences Biology Programme In The Porcupine Seabight: Background And General Introduction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2009

A. L. Rice ,
D. S. M. Billett ,
M. H. Thurston  and
R. S. Lampitt
A. L. Rice
Affiliation:
Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Deacon Laboratory, Wormley, Godalming, Surrey, GU UB
D. S. M. Billett
Affiliation:
Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Deacon Laboratory, Wormley, Godalming, Surrey, GU UB
M. H. Thurston
Affiliation:
Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Deacon Laboratory, Wormley, Godalming, Surrey, GU UB
R. S. Lampitt
Affiliation:
Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Deacon Laboratory, Wormley, Godalming, Surrey, GU UB
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

An intensive investigation of the benthic biology of the Porcupine Seabight, to the south-west of Ireland, was carried out by biologists from the Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Deacon Laboratory (IOSDL) between 1977 and 1986. More than 400 benthic samples were obtained during the study using towed gears and corersover the depth range 200 to 4500 m. Transect and time-lapse photography was used extensively. This paper summarises the techniques employed and provides an analysis of the depth and seasonal coverage. In addition a review is provided of available data on the physical, chemical and geological characteristics of the Porcupine Seabight area, including information collected during the IOSDL study. Finally, existing publications based on the study are listed.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 71 , Issue 2 , May 1991 , pp. 281 - 310
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Aller, R.C & Demaster, D.J 1984. Estimates of particle flux and reworking at the deep-sea floor using234Th/238U disequilibrium. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 67, 308–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Attrill, M.JHartnoll, R.G & Rice, A.L 1991. Aspects of the biology of the deep sea crab Geryon trispinosus from the Porcupine Seabight. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 71, 311–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Attrill, M.JHartnoll, R.GRice, A.L & Thurston, M.H 1990.Depth related distribution of the red crab Geryon trispinosus (Herbst) [= G. tridens Krøyer] suggests migration. Progress in Oceanography, 24, 197–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bacon, M.PHuh, CFleer, A.P & Deuser, W.G 1985. Seasonality in the flux of natural radionuclides and plutonium in the deep Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Research, 32A, 273–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnett, P.R.OWatson, J & Connelly, D 1984. A multiple corer for taking virtually undisturbed samples from shelf, bathyal and abyssal sediments. Oceanologica Acta, 7, 399–408.Google Scholar
Berger, W.HFischer, KLai, C & Wu, G 1988. Ocean carbon flux: global maps of primary productivity and export production. In Biochemical Cycling and Fluxes Between the Deep Euphotic Zone and Other Oceanic Realms (ed. Agegian, C.), pp. 131–176. NOAA Symposium Series for Underwater Research, NOAA Undersea Research Program, Research Report 88–1.Google Scholar
Billett, D.S.M 1986. The rise and rise of the sea-cucumber. New Scientist, 109 (1500) 48–51.Google Scholar
Billett, D.S.M 1988. The Ecology of Deep-sea Holothurians, PhD thesis, University of Southampton.Google Scholar
Billett, D.S.M. in press. Deep-sea holothurians. Oceanography and Marine Biology, an Annual Review.Google Scholar
Billett, D.S.M & Hansen, B 1982. Abyssal aggregations of Kolga hyalina Danielssen and Koren (Echinodermata: Holothurioidea) in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Research, 29, 799–818.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Billett, D.S.MHansen, B & Huggett, Q.J 1985. Pelagic Holothurioidea (Echinodermata) of the northeast Atlantic. In Echinodermata: Proceedings of the 5th International Echinoderm Conference, Galway (ed. Keegan, B.F. and O'Connor, B.D.S.) pp. 399–411. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema.Google Scholar
Billett, D.S.MLampitt, R.SRice, A.L & Mantoura, R.F.C 1983. Seasonal sedimentation of phytoplankton to the deep sea benthos. Nature, London, 302, 520–522.Google Scholar
Billett, D.S.MLlewellyn, C & Watson, J 1988. Are deep-sea holothurians selective feeders? Echinoderm Biology, Proceedings of the 6th International Echinoderm Conference, Victoria, B.C. August 1987 (ed. Burke, R.D. et al) pp. 421–429. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema.Google Scholar
Carter, R.M 1988. The nature and evolution of deep-sea channel systems. Basin Research, 1, 41–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cartwright, N.GGooday, A.J & Jones, A.R 1989. The morphology, internal organization and taxonomic position oiRhizammina algaeformis Brady, a large agglutinated, deep-sea foraminifer. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 19, 115–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casanova, J.-P. & Chidgey, K 1990. A new bathypelagic species of Heterokrohnia (Chaetognatha) from theNorth Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin. Zoologisch Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 12, 109–116.Google Scholar
Cochran, J.K. 1982. The use of naturally occurring radionuclides as tracers for biologically related processes in deep-sea sediments. In The Environment of the Deep Sea(ed. Ernst, W.G. and Morin, J.G.) pp. 55–72. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Collins, E.P 1984. Recent developments in deep-sea photography at IOS. In Underwater Photography. Scientific and Engineering Applications (ed. Smith, P.F.) pp. 247–256. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.Google Scholar
Deuser, W.G 1986. Seasonal and interannual variations in deep-water particle fluxes in the Sargasso Sea and their relation to surface hydrography. Deep-Sea Research, 33, 225–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deuser, W.G & Ross, E.H 1980. Seasonal changes in the flux of organic carbon to the deep Sargasso Sea. Nature, London, 283, 364–365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deuser, W.GRoss, E.H & Anderson, R.F 1981. Seasonality in the supply of sediment to the deep Sargasso Sea and implications for the rapid transfer of matter to the deep oceans. Deep-Sea Research, 28A, 495–505.Google Scholar
Dickson, R.RGould, W.JGriffiths, CMedler, K.J & Gmitrowicz, E.M. 1986. Seasonality in currentsof the Rockall Channel. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (B), 88, 103–125.Google Scholar
Dickson, R.RGould, W.J.Gurbutt, P.A & Killworth, P.D 1982. A seasonal signal in ocean currents to abyssal depths. Nature, London, 295, 193–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickson, R.R & McCave, I.N 1986. Nepheloid layers on the continental slope west of Porcupine Bank. Deep-Sea Research, 33A, 791–818.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Domanski, P.A 1984. Giant larvae: prolonged planktonic larval phase in the asteroid Luidia sarsi. Marine Biology, 80, 189–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dooley, H.D & Martin, J.H.A 1969. Currents at the continental slope of the northern North Sea. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (CM Papers and Reports), C: 4. [Unpublished.]Google Scholar
Eleftheriou, A & Holme, N.A 1984. Macrofauna techniques. In Methods for the study of marine benthos (ed. Holme, N.A.and Maclntyre, A.D.) pp. 140–216. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. [IBP Handbook 16.]Google Scholar
Ellett, D.JEdwards, A & Bowers, R 1986. The hydrography of the Rockall Channel - an overview. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (B), 88B, 61–81.Google Scholar
Gage, J.D & Billett, D.S.M 1986. The family Myriotrochidae Theel (Echinodermata: Holothurioidea) in the deep northeast Atlantic Ocean. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 88, 229–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gage, J.DBillett, D.S.MJensen, M & Tyler, P.A 1985. Echinoderms of the Rockall Trough and adjacent areas. 2. Echinoidea and Holothurioidea. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural His-tory), Zoology, 48, 173–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gage, J.DLightfoot, R.HPearson, M & Tyler, P.A 1980. An introduction to a sample time-series ofabyssal macrobenthos: methods and principle sources of variability. Oceanologica Ada, 3, 169–176.Google Scholar
Gardner, W.DSullivan, L.G & Thorndike, E.M 1984. Long-term photographic, current and nephelometer observations of manganese nodule environments in the Pacific. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 70, 95–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gooday, A.J 1983a. Bathysiphon rusticus de Folin, 1886 and B.folini sp. nov., two large agglutinated foraminifers abundant in abyssal NE Atlantic epibenthic sledge samples. Journal ofForaminiferal Research, 13, 262–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gooday, A.J 1983b. Primitive Foraminifera and Xenophyophorea in IOS epibenthic sledge samples from the northeast Atlantic. Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Report, no. 156, 33pp.Google Scholar
Gooday, A.J 1984. Records of deep-sea rhizopod tests inhabited by metazoans in the northeast Atlantic. Sarsia, 69, 45–53.Google Scholar
Gooday, A.J 1986a. Meiofaunal foraminiferans from the bathyal Porcupine Seabight (northeast Atlantic): size structure, standing stock, taxonomic composition, species diversity and vertical distribution in the sediment. Deep-Sea Research, 33A, 1345–1373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gooday, A.J 1986b. Soft-shelled Foraminifera in meiofaunal samples from the bathyal northeast Atlantic. Sarsia, 71, 275–287.Google Scholar
Gooday, A.J 1986c. The genus Rhabdammina in the north-east Atlantic: a new species, a redescription of R. major de Folin, 1887, and some speculations on species relationships. Journal ofForaminiferal Research, 16, 150–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gooday, A.J 1988a. A response by benthic Foraminifera to the deposition of phytodetritus in the deep sea. Nature, London, 332, 70–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gooday, A.J 1988b. The genus Bathysiphon in the northeast Atlantic: a neotype for B. filiformis and the description of a new species. Journal of Natural History, 22, 95–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gooday, A.J 1988c. The genus Bathysiphon in the northeast Atlantic: a revision of some species described by de Folin. Journal of Natural History, 22, 71–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gooday, A.J 1990a. Recent deep-sea agglutinated Foraminifera: a brief review. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Agglutinated Foraminifera (IWAF III), Tubingen, West Germany, September 1989 (ed. Hemleben, C. et al.) pp. 271–304. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
Gooday, A.J 1990b. Tinogullmia riemanni sp. nov. (Allogromiina; Foraminiferida), a new species associated with organic detritus in the deep sea. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 56, 93–103.Google Scholar
Gooday, A.J & Claugher, D 1989. The genus Bathysiphon in the northeast Atlantic: SEM observations on the wall structure of seven species. Journal of Natural History, 23, 591–611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gooday, A.J & Cook, P.L 1984. An association between komokiacean foraminiferans (Protozoa) and paludicelline ctenostomes (Bryozoa) from the abyssal northeast Atlantic. Journal of Natural History, 18, 765–784.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gooday, A.J & Lambshead, P.J.D 1989. The influence of seasonally deposited phytodetritus on benthic foraminiferal populations in the bathyal northeast Atlantic: the species response. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 58, 53–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gooday, A.J & Turley, Cm 1990. Responses by benthic organisms to inputs of organic material to the ocean floor; a review. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (A), 331, 119–138.Google Scholar
Gordon, J.D.M & Duncan, J. A.R 1985. The ecology of the deep-sea benthic and benthopelagic fish on the slopes of the Rockall Trough, northeastern Atlantic. Progress in Oceanography, 15, 37–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grassle, J.F & Morse-Porteous, L.S 1987. Macrofaunal colonization of disturbed deep-sea environments and the structure of deep-sea benthic communities. Deep-Sea Research, 34A, 1911–1950.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haedrich, R.L & Merrett, N.R 1988. Summary atlas of deep-living demersal fishes in the North AtlanticBasin. Journal of Natural History, 22, 1325–1362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haedrich, R.L & Merrett, N.R 1990. Little evidence for faunal zonation or communities in the deep demersal fish tauna.Progress in Oceanography, 24, 239–250.Google Scholar
Handley, R.L 1971. A geophysical study of the Porcupine Seabight. PhD thesis, University of Birmingham.Google Scholar
Hargreaves, P.M 1984. The distribution of Decapoda (Crustacea) in the open ocean and near-bottom over an adjacent slope in the northern north-east Atlantic Ocean during autumn 1979. Journal of the Marine BiologicalAssociation of the United Kingdom, 64, 829–857.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hargreaves, P.M 1985. The distribution of Mysidacea in the open ocean and near-bottom over slope regions in the northern north-east Atlantic Ocean during 1979. Journal of Plankton Re-search, 7, 241–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hargreaves, P.MEllis, C.J & Angel, M. V 1984. An assessment of biological processes close to the sea-bed in a slope region and its significance to the assessment of the sea-bed disposal of radioactive waste. Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Report, no. 185 121 ppGoogle Scholar
Hartnoll, R.G & Rice, A.L 1985. Further studies on the biology of the deep-sea spider crab Dorhynchusthomsoni: instar sequence and the annual cycle. Proceedings of the Nineteenth European Marine Biology Symposium, Plymouth, U.K., 16–21 September 1984 (ed. Gibbs, P.E.) pp. 231–241. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hartnoll, R.GRice, A.L & Williamson, D.I 1987. Dorhynchus thomsoni: a deep-sea crab with a strangelife history. Investigation Pesquera, 51 (supplement1), 125–133.Google Scholar
Harvey, J 1982. 6–S relationships and water masses in the Eastern North Atlantic. Deep-Sea Re-search, 29A, 1021–1033.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harvey, RGage, J.DBillett, D.S.MClark, A.M & Paterson, G.L.J 1988. Echinoderms of the Rockall Trough and adjacent areas. 3. Additional records. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 54, 153–198.Google Scholar
Hedges, J.I & Steam, J.H 1984. Carbon and nitrogen determinations of carbon-containing solids. Limnology and Oceanography, 29, 657–663.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hessler, R.R & Jumars, P.A 1974. Abyssal community analysis from replicate box cores in the central North Pacific. Deep-Sea Research, 21, 185–209.Google Scholar
Honjo, S. 1982. Seasonally and interaction of biogenic and lithogenic particulate flux at the Panama Basin.Science, New York, 218, 883–884.Google Scholar
Huthnance, J.M 1986. The Rockall slope current and shelf-edge processes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (B), 88, 83–101.Google Scholar
Jackson, P.A.BThurston, M.H & Rice, A.L 1991. Station data for the IOS biological survey of the Porcupine Seabight region (northeastern Atlantic Ocean), 1977–1989. Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Deacon Laboratory Report, no. 281, 89 pp.Google Scholar
James, I.D 1982. Tidal currents at two deep-sea moorings near the shelf edge. Deep-Sea Research, 29, 1099–1111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kenyon, N.HBelderson, R.H & Stride, A.H 1978. Channels, canyons and slump folds on the continentalslope between south-west Ireland and Spain. Oceanologica Ada, 1, 369–380.Google Scholar
Kidd, R.B & Huggett, Q.J 1981. Rock debris on abyssal plains in the Northeast Atlantic: a comparison of epibenthic sledge hauls and photographic surveys. Oceanologica Ada, 4, 99–104.Google Scholar
Kirkegaard, J.B & Billett, D.S.M 1980. Eunoe laetmogonensis, a new species of polynoid worm, commensal with the bathyal holothurian Laetmogone violacea in the North-East Atlantic. Steenstrupia, 6, 101–109.Google Scholar
Lambshead, P.J.D & Gooday, A.J 1990. The impact of seasonally deposited phytodetritus on epifaunal and shallow infaunal benthic foraminiferal populations in the bathyal north-east Atlantic: the assemblage response. Deep-Sea Research, 374, 1263–1283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lampitt, R.S 1982. The use of transect photography in benthic sledge studies. Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Internal Document, no. 158.Google Scholar
Lampitt, R.S 1984. The use of time lapse photography in the deep sea. Progress in Underwater Science, 9, 115–120.Google Scholar
Lampitt, R.S 1985a. Evidence for the seasonal deposition of detritus to the deep-sea floor and its subsequent resuspension. Deep-Sea Research, 32A, 885–897.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lampitt, R.S 1985b. Fast living on the ocean floor. New Scientist, 105 (1445), 37–40.Google Scholar
Lampitt, R.S 1990. Directly measured rapid growth in a deep-sea barnacle. Nature, London, 345, 805–807.Google Scholar
Lampitt, R.SBillett, D.S.M & Rice, A.L 1986. Biomass of he invertebrate megabenthos from 500 to 4100 m in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. Marine Biology, 93, 69–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lampitt, R.S & Burnham, M.P 1983. A free-fall time-lapse camera and current meter system 'Bathysnap' with notes on the foraging behaviour of a bathyal decapod shrimp. Deep-Sea Re-search, 36A, 1009–1017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lampitt, R.S & Lambert, C.E 1984. The benthic fate of marine snow in the deep sea. Proces-Verbaux. International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Ocean. International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. 16, 77. [XVIII General Assembly, Hamburg, 1983.]Google Scholar
Lampitt, R.SMerrett, N.R & Thurston, M.H 1983. Inter-relations of necrophagous amphipods, a fish predator and tidal currents in the deep sea. Marine Biology,74, 73–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lampitt, R.S & Paterson, G.L.J 1987. The feeding behaviour of an abyssal anemone from in situ time lapse photography and trawl samples. Oceanologica Ada, 10, 455–461.Google Scholar
Lampitt, R.SRice, A.L & Thurston, M.H 1984. The use of in situ photography in studies of the deep-sea benthos at I.O.S. Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Report, no. 182, 39pp.Google Scholar
Laubier, L & Monniot, C 1985. Peuplements Profonds du Golfe de Gascogne Campagnes Biogas. Brest: IFREMER.Google Scholar
Ledanois, E 1948. Les Profondeurs de la Mer. Paris: Payot.Google Scholar
Lee, A & Ellett, D 1965. On the contribution of overflow water from the Norwegian Sea to the hydrographic structure of the North Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Research, 12, 129–142.Google Scholar
Lochte, K & Turley, Cm 1988. Bacteria and cyanobacteria associated with phytodetritus in the deep sea. Nature, London, 333, 67–69.Google Scholar
Mahaut, M & Graf, G 1987. A luminophore tracer technique for bioturbation studies. Oceanologica Ada, 10, 323–328.Google Scholar
Markle, D.F & Merrett, N.R 1980. The abyssal alepocephalid, Rinoctes nasutus (Pisces: Salmoniformes), a redescription and an evaluation of its systematic position. Journal of Zoology, 190, 225–239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masson, D.GDobson, M.RAuzende, J.-MCousin, MCoutelle, ARolet, J & Vaillant, P 1989. Geology of Porcupine Bank and Goban Spur, northeastern Atlantic - preliminary results of the Cyaporc submersible cruise. Marine Geology, 87, 105–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masson, D.G & Miles, P.R 1986. Structure and development of Porcupine Seabight sedimentary basin, offshore southwest Ireland. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 70, 536–548.Google Scholar
Medler, K.JWooltorton, JJones, S.R & Read, J.W 1985. Current meter observations from the Porcupine Abyssal Plain, June 1979–June 1980. Fisheries Research Data Report. Ministry of Agri-culture, Fisheries and Food, Loivestoft, no. 3, 97pp.Google Scholar
Merrett, N.R 1980. A new species of the deep-sea fish genus Coelorinchus (Macrouridae) from the eastern North Atlantic, with notes on its ecology. Journal of Fish Biology, 17, 553–564.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merrett, N.R 1981. First record of a notocanth leptocephalus; a benthopelagic capture in the slope waters off Ireland. Journal of Fish Biology, 18, 53–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merrett, N.R 1983. A new species of the deep-sea fish genus Paraliparis Collett (Liparididae) from the eastern North Atlantic, with notes on its ecology. Journal of Fish Biology, 23, 429–439.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merrett, N.R 1986. Biogeography and the oceanic rim: a poorly known zone of ichthyofaunal interaction. UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science, 49, 201–209.Google Scholar
Merrett, N.R 1987. A zone of faunal change in assemblages of abyssal demersal fish in the eastern North Atlantic: a response to seasonally in production? Biological Oceanography, 5, 137–151.Google Scholar
Merrett, N.R 1989a. Fishing around in the dark. New Scientist, 121 (1653), 50–54.Google Scholar
Merrett, N.R 1989b. Revised key to the eastern North Atlantic species of the rattail subgenus Chalinura (Pisces: Macrouridae), having 8–9 pelvic fin rays. Copeia, 1989, 742–744.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merrett, N.RGordon, J.D.MStehmann, M & Haedrich, R.L 1991. Deep demersal fish assemblage structure in the Porcupine Seabight (eastern North Atlantic): slope sampling by three different trawls compared. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 71, 329–358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merrett, N.RHaedrich, R.LGordon, J.D.M & Stehmann, M 1991. Deep demersal fish assemblage structure in the Porcupine Seabight (eastern North Atlantic): results of single warp trawling at lower slope to abyssal soundings. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 71, 359–373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merrett, N.R& Karrer, C 1988. Occurrence of toothless rattails of the genus Coryphaenoides and its possible significance. Journal of Fish Biology, 33, 953–954.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merrett, N.R & Marshall, N.B 1981. Observations on the ecology of deep-sea bottom-living fishes collected off north west Africa (08°–27°N). Progress in Oceanography, 9, 185–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merrett, N.R & Saldanha, L 1985. Aspects of the morphology and ecology of some unusual deepsea eels (Synaphobranchidae, Derichthyidae and Nettastomatidae) from the eastern North Atlantic. Journal of Fish Biology, 27, 719–747.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merrett, N.R & Wheeler, A.C 1983. The correct identification of two trachichthyid fishes (Pisces, Berycomorphi) from the slope fauna west of Britain, with notes on the abundance and commercial importance of Hoplostethus atlanticus. Journal of Natural History, 17, 569–573.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morton, B & Thurston, M.H 1989. The functional morphology of Propeamussium lucidum (Bivalvia: Pectinacea), a deep sea predatory scallop. Journal of Zoology, 218, 471–496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muirhead, ATyler, P.A & Thurston, M.H 1986. Reproductive biology and growth of the genus Epizoanthus (Zoanthidae) from the north-east Atlantic. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66, 131–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norris, S & Macdougall, N 1986. Current meter observations near the Porcupine Bank, 1981–1983. Fisheries Research Data Report. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lowestoft, no 8, 103pp.Google Scholar
Rhoads, D.C & Germano, J.D 1982. Characterisation of organism-sediment relations using sediment profile imaging: an efficient method of remote ecological monitoring of the seafloor (Remots system). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 8, 115–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, A.L 1980. The first zoeal stage of Ebalia nux A. Milne Edwards 1883, with a discussion of the zoeal characters of the Leucosiidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura). Journal of Natural His-tory, 14, 331–337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, A.L 1981a. The abdominal locking mechanism in the deep sea shrimp genus Glyphocrangon (Decapoda, Glyphocrangonidae). Crustaceana, 40, 316–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, A.L 1981b. The status of Glyphocrangon rimapes Bate, 1888 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Glyphocrangonidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 40, 275–285.Google Scholar
Rice, A.L 1983. Thomas Henry Huxley and the strange case of Bathybius haeckeli; a possible alternative explanation. Archives of Natural History, 2, 169–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, A.L 1986. British Oceanographic Vessels, 1800–1950. London: The Ray Society.Google Scholar
Rice, A.L 1990. The nomenclature of crabs collected during the cruises of HMS Porcupine in 1869 and 1870, with notes on the Norman Collection of In vertebra ta and its acquisition by the British Museum (Natural History). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Historical series, 18, 1–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, A.LAldred, R.GDarlington, E & Wild, R. A 1982. The quantitative estimation of the deepseabenthos: a new approach to an old problem. Oceanologica Ada, 5, 63–72.Google Scholar
Rice, A.LBillett, D.S.MFry, IJohn, A. W.GLampitt, R.SMantoura, R.F.C & Morris, R.J 1986. Seasonal deposition of phytodetritus to the deep-sea floor. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 88, 265–279.Google Scholar
Rice, A.L & Collins, E.P 1980. The face of the deep sea. British Journal of Photography, 1980, 449–451.Google Scholar
Rice, A.L & Collins, E.P 1985. The use of photography in deep-sea benthic biology at the Institute ofOceanographic Sciences. In Underwater Photography and Television for Scientists (ed. George, I.D. et al.) pp 153–164. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [Underwater Association Special Volume no. 2.]Google Scholar
Rice, A.L & Hartnoll, R.G 1983. Aspects of the biology of the deep-sea spider crab, Dorhynchus thomsoni (Crustacea: Brachyura). Journal of Zoology, 201, 417–431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, A.L & SaintLaurent, M. De 1986. The nomenclature and diagnostic characters of four north-eastern Atlantic species of the genus Munida Leach: M. rugosa (Fabricius), M. tenuimana G.O. Sars, M. intermedia A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, and M. sarsi Huus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Galatheidae). Journal of Natural History, 20, 143–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, A.LThurston, M.H & New, A.L 1990. Dense aggregations of a hexactinellid sponge, Pheronema carpen teri, in the Porcupine Seabight (northeast Atlantic Ocean), and possible causes. Progress in Oceanography, 24, 179–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roe, H.S.J & Darlington, E 1985. A new acoustic control system for deep pelagic trawling close to the sea bed. Journal of the Society for Underwater Technology, 11, 2–6.Google Scholar
Roe, H.S.J& Shale, D.M 1979. A new multiple rectangular midwater trawl (RMT1+8) and some modifications to the Institute of Oceanographic Sciences' RMT 1 +8. Marine Biology, 50, 283–288.Google Scholar
Rowe, G.T 1983. Biomass and production of the deep-sea macrobenthos. In The Sea, vol. 8, DeepSea Biology (ed. Rowe, G.T.), pp. 97–122. New York: Wiley Interscience.Google Scholar
Saldanha, L & Merrett, N.R 1982. A new species of the deep-sea eel genus Ilyophis Gilbert (Synaphobranchidae) from the eastern North Atlantic, with comments on its ecology and intrafamilial relationships. Journal of Fish Biology, 21, 623–636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sargent, J.RGatten, R.R & Merrett, N.R 1983. Lipids of Hoplostethusatlanticus and H.mediterraneus (Beryciformes: Trachichthyidae) from deep water to the west of Britain. Marine Biology, 74, 281–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stordal, M.CLohnson, J.W.Guinasso, N.L & Schink, D.R 1985. Quantitative evaluation of bioturbation rates in deep ocean sediments. II. Comparison of rates determined by 210Pb and 239,240 Pu. Marine Chemistry, 17, 99–114.Google Scholar
Suess, E 1980. Particulate organic carbon flux in the oceans - surface productivity and oxygen utilization. Nature, London, 288, 260–263.Google Scholar
Swallow, J.CGould, W.J & Saunders, P.M 1977. Evidence fo a poleward eastern boundary current in the North Atlantic Ocean. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (CM Papers and Reports) Hydrography Committee, C:32, 21 pp.Google Scholar
Thiel, HPfannkuche, OSchriever, GLochte, KGooday, A.JHemleben, CMantoura, R.F.CTurley, CmPatching, J.W & Riemann, F 1990. Phytodetritus on the deep-sea floor in a central oceanic region of the northeast Atlantic. Biological Oceanography, 6, 203–239.Google Scholar
Thomson, C.W 1873. The Depths of the Sea. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Thurston, M.H 1989. A new species of Valettia (Crustacea: Amphipoda) and the relationship of the Valettidae to the Lysianassoidea. Journal of Natural History, 23, 1093–1107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thurston, M.H 1990. Abyssal necrophagous amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda) in the north-east and tropical Atlantic Ocean. Progress in Oceanography, 24, 257–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thurston, M.HBillett, D.S.M & Hassack, E 1987. An association between Exspina typica Lang (Tanaidacea) and deep-sea holothurians. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 67, 11–15.Google Scholar
Tyler, P.A 1988. Seasonality in the deep sea. Oceanography and Marine Biology, an Annual Review, 26, 227–258.Google Scholar
Tyler, P.A & Billett, D.S.M 1987. The reproductive ecology of elasipodid holothurians from the N.E. Atlantic. Biological Oceanography, 5, 272–296.Google Scholar
Tyler, P.ABillett, D.S.M & Gage, J.D 1987. The ecology and reproductive biology oiCherbonniera utriculus and Molpadia blakei from the N.E. Atlantic. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 67, 385–397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyler, P. ABillett, D.S.M & Gage, J.D 1990. Seasonal reproduction in the seastar Dytaster grandis from 4000 m in the north-east Atlantic Ocean. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 70, 173–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyler, P.AGage, J.D & Billett, D.S.M 1985. The life-history biology of Peniagone azorica and P. diaphana (Echinodermata: Holothurioidea) from the northeast Atlantic. Marine Biology, 89, 71–81CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyler, P.A & Lampitt, R.S 1988. Submersible observations of echinoderms at bathyal depths in the N.E.Atlantic1. In Echinoderm Biology (ed. Burke, R.D. et al. ), pp. 431–434. Rotterdam: Balkema.Google Scholar
Tyler, P.AMuirhead, ABillett, D.S.M & Gage, J.D 1985. The reproductive biology of the deepsea holothurians Eaetmogone violacea and Benthogone rosea (Elasipoda: Holothurioidea). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 23, 269–277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyler, P. AMuirhead, AGage, J.D & Billett, D.S.M 1985. Gametogenetic strategies in deep-sea echinoids and holothurians from the NE Atlantic. In Echinodermata: Proceedings of the 5th Inter-national Echinoderms Conference, Galway (ed. Keegan, B.F. and O'Connor, B.D.S.) pp. 135–140. Rotterdam: Balkema.Google Scholar
Tyler, P.APain, S.LGage, J.D & Billett, D.S.M 1984. The reproductive biology of deep-sea forcipulate sea stars (Asteroidea: Echinodermata) from the NE Atlantic Ocean. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 64, 587–601.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Praet, MRice, A.L & Thurston, M.H 1990. Reproduction in two deep-sea anemones (Actiniaria); Phelliactis hertwigi and P. robusta. Progress in Oceanography, 24, 207–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vangriesheim, A 1985. Hydrologie et circulation profonde. In Peuplements profonds du golfe de Gascogne (ed. Laubier, L. and Monniot, C.) pp 43–70. Brest: IFREMER.Google Scholar
Walker, MTyler, P.A & Billett, D.S.M 1987a. Biochemical and calorific content of deep-sea aspidochirotid holothurians in the N.E. Atlantic Ocean. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 88 A, 549–551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, MTyler, P.A & Billett, D.S.M 1987b. Organic and calorific content of body tissues of deep-sea elasipodid holothurians in the N.E. Atlantic. Marine Biology, 96, 277–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallace, H.EThomson, JWilson, T.R.SWeaver, P.P.EHiggs, N.C & Hydes, D.J 1988. Active diagenetic formation of metal-rich layers in N.E. Atlantic sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52, 1557–1569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weliky, KSuess, EUngerer, C.AMuller, P.J & Fischer, K 1983. Problems with accurate carbon measurements in marine sediments and particulate matter in sea-water: A new approach. Limnology and Oceanography, 28, 1252–1259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weston, J.F 1985. Comparison between Recent benthic foraminiferal faunas of the Porcupine Seabight and western approaches continental slope. Journal of Micropalaeontology, 4, 165–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar