Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-03T14:09:47.908Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Genetic Divergence Between South African Helcion Species and North-East Atlantic H. Pellucidum (Mollusca: Patellogastropoda)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2009

L.I. Weber ,
D.R. Gray ,
A.N. Hodgson  and
S.J. Hawkins
L.I. Weber
Affiliation:
Port Erin Marine Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Port Erin, Isle of Man, IM9 6JA.
D.R. Gray
Affiliation:
Port Erin Marine Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Port Erin, Isle of Man, IM9 6JA.
A.N. Hodgson
Affiliation:
Port Erin Marine Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Port Erin, Isle of Man, IM9 6JA.
S.J. Hawkins
Affiliation:
Port Erin Marine Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Port Erin, Isle of Man, IM9 6JA.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Allozyme electrophoresis was used to estimate the genetic divergence between three species of South African Helcion and the north-east Atlantic H. pellucidum (Patellidae). At a finer level the genetic relationships among South African Helcion were explored. Twenty-one loci were resolved for all the species. High values of expected heterozygosities (0·202–0·341) were found for the genus. Phenetic analysis (UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method with artihmetic averaging) and Distance Wagner Procedure) and cladistic parsimony methods (alleles as binary characters and loci as multistate unordered characters) agreed in showing the same topology for the tree which represents the genetic relationships among Helcion species. The north-east Atlantic H. pellucidum was the most divergent species showing high values of Nei's genetic distances (1·423–1·654) with its South African congeners. In the literature such values of genetic divergence have been associated with non-congeneric species. The degree of genetic divergence (0·351–0·615) found within the South African branch was characteristic for congeneric species. The results of this study supported the monophyletic condition of this branch, and showed H. pectunculus and H. pruinosus to be more closely related to each other than to H. dunkeri. Nevertheless, the monophyly of the genus Helcion is uncertain and therefore its taxonomic status was questioned. A possible independent origin for northern and southern hemisphere species of Helcion is considered.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 77 , Issue 4 , November 1997 , pp. 1139 - 1150
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Avise, J.C., 1994. Molecular markers, natural history and evolution. New York: Chapman & Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ayala, F.J., Tracey, M.L., Hedgecock, D. & Richmond, R.C., 1974. Genetic differentiation during the speciation process in Drosophila. Evolution, 28, 576–592.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brewer, G.J., 1970. An introduction of isozymes techniques. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Buth, D.G., 1984. The application of electrophoretic data in systematic studies. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 15, 501–522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Côrte-Real, H.B.S.M., 1992. Taxonomy and population genetics of exploited species of Patella in the Azores, Madeira and Canaries. PhD thesis, University of Liverpool.Google Scholar
Cretella, M., Scillitani, G., Toscano, F., Turella, P., Picariello, O. & Cataudo, A., 1994. Relationships between Patella ferruginea Gmelin, 1791 and the other Tyrrhenian species of Patella (Gastropoda: Patellidae). Journal of Molluscan Studies, 60, 9–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
D'angelo, G. & Gargiullo, S., 1979. Guida alle conchiglie Mediterranee. Milano: Fabbri Editori, S.P.A.Google Scholar
Ebling, F.J., Kitching, J.A., Purchon, R.D. & Bassindale, R., 1948. The ecology of Lough Ine rapids with special reference to water currents. 2. The fauna of the Sacchorhiza Canopy. Journal of Animal Ecology, 17, 233–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fretter, V. & Graham, A., 1976. The prosobranch molluscs of Britain and Denmark. Part 1. Pleurotomariacea, Fissurellacea and Patellacea. Journal of Molluscan Studies, supplement 1, 37 pp.Google Scholar
Gaffney, P.M., 1980. On the number of Patella species in south-west England. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 60, 565–574.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gillespie, J.H., 1991. The causes of molecular evolution. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Graham, A. & Fretter, V., 1947. The life history of Patina pellucida (L.). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 26, 509–601.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harris, H. & Hopkinson, D.A., 1976. Handbook of enzyme electrophoresis in human genetics. Amsterdam: North Holland.Google Scholar
Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S., 1990. The marine fauna of the British Isles and north-west Europe. Vol. 2. Molluscs to chordates. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Hendy, M.D. & Penny, D., 1982. Branch and bound algorithms to determine minimal evolutionary trees. Mathematical Biosciences, 59, 277–290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hillis, D.M. & Moritz, C., 1990. Molecular systematics. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Hodgson, A.N. & Bernard, R.T.F., 1988. A comparison of the structure of the spermatozoa and spermatogenesis of 16 species of patellid limpet (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Archaeogastropoda). Journal of Morphology, 195, 205–223.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hodgson, A.N., Ridgway, S.A., Branch, G.M. & Hawkins, S.J., 1996. Spermatozoan morphology of 19 species of prosobranch limpets (Patellogastropoda) with a discussion of patellid relationships. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 357, 339–347.Google Scholar
Hurst, C.D. & Skibinski, D.O.F., 1995. Comparison of allozyme and mitochondrial DNA spatial differentiation in the limpet Patella vulgata. Marine Biology, 122, 257–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
IUBNC (International Union of Biochemistry, Nomenclature Committee), 1984. Enzyme nomenclature. Orlando, Florida: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Jamieson, B.G.M., Hodgson, A.N. & Bernard, R.T.F., 1991. Phylogenetic trends and variation in the ultrastructure of the spermatozoa of sympatric species of South African patellid limpets (Archaeogastropoda, Mollusca). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 20, 137–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kain, J.M. & Svendsen, P., 1969. A note on the behaviour of Patina pellucida in Britain and Norway. Sarsia, 38, 25–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kilburn, R. & Rippey, E., 1982. Sea shells of Southern Africa. Johannesburg: Macmillan South Africa.Google Scholar
Li, W.-H. & Grauer, D., 1991. Fundamentals of molecular evolution. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Lindberg, D.R., 1988. The Patellogastropoda. Malacological Review, supplement 4, 35–63.Google Scholar
Lindberg, D.R. & McLean, J.H., 1981. Tropical eastern Pacific limpets of the family Acmaeidae (Mollusca: Archaeogastropoda): generic criteria and descriptions of six new species from the mainland and the Galapagos Islands. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 42(12), 323–339.Google Scholar
Martin, A.P. & Palumbi, S.R., 1993. Body size, metabolic rate, generation time, and the molecular clock. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 90, 4087–4091.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGrath, D., 1992. Recruitment and growth of the blue-rayed limpet, Helcion pellucidum (L.), in south east Ireland. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 58, 425–431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, R.W., Sites, J.W., Buth, D.G. & Haufler, C.H., 1990. Proteins. I. Isozyme electrophoresis. In Molecular systematics (ed. D.M., Hillis and C., Moritz), pp. 45–126. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Nei, M., 1978. Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from small number of individuals. Genetics, 89, 583–590.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nei, M., 1987. Molecular evolutionary genetics. New York: Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poulik, M.D., 1957. Starch gel electrophoresis in a discontinuous system of buffers. Nature, London, 180, 1477–1479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powell, A.W.B., 1973. The patellid limpets of the world (Patellidae). Indo-Pacific Mollusca, 3(15), 75–206.Google Scholar
Redfield, J.A. & Salini, J.P., 1980. Techniques of starch-gel electrophoresis of penaeid prawn enzymes (Penaeus spp. and Metapenaeus spp.). Report. Division of Fisheries and Oceanography, CSIRO, Australia, no. 116, 20 pp.Google Scholar
Richardson, B.J., Baverstock, P.R. & Adams, M., 1986. Allozyme electrophoresis. Sydney: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Ridgway, S.A., 1994. The systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of the limpets genus Patella (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the northern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. PhD thesis, University of London.Google Scholar
Sella, G. & Badino, G., 1980. Differenze elettroforetiche tra le specie mediterranee di Patella e loro impiego nela tassonomia del genere. In Atti IV Congresso S.M.I, (ed. F., Giusti), pp. 357–368. Sienna: Atti Acadelma Fisiocritici.Google Scholar
Sella, G., Robotti, C.A. & Biglione, V., 1993. Genetic divergence among three sympatric species of Mediterranean Patella (Archaeogastropoda). Marine Biology, 115, 401–405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaklee, J.B., Allendorf, F.W., Morizot, D.C. & Whitt, G.S., 1990. Gene nomenclature for protein-coding loci in fish Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 119, 2–15.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaw, S.R. & Prasad, R., 1970. Starch gel electrophoresis of enzymes – a compilation of recipes. Biochemical Genetics, 4, 297–320.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siciliano, M.J. & Shaw, C.R., 1976. Separation and visualisation of enzymes of gels. In Chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques. Vol. 2. Zone electrophoresis (ed. I., Smith), pp. 185–209. London: Heinemann Medical Books.Google Scholar
Sousa, M. & Oliveira, E., 1994. An ultrastructural study of spermatogenesis in Helcion pellucidus (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 26, 119–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swofford, D.L., 1985. PAUP. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony. Version 2·4. Illinois: Illinois Natural History Survey.Google Scholar
Swofford, D.L. & Selander, R.B., 1981. BIOSYS-I. A fortran program for the comprehensive analysis of electrophoretic data in population genetics and systematics. Journal of Heredity, 72, 281–283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorpe, J.P., 1982. The molecular clock hypothesis: biochemical evolution, genetic differentiation and systematics. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 13, 139–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorpe, J.P., 1989. Possible effects of interprotein variation in mean rate of amino acid substitution on the relationship of genetic distance with time since evolutionary divergence. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 37, 335–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorpe, J.P. & Solé-Cava, A.M., 1994. The use of allozyme electrophoresis in invertebrate systematics. Zoologica Scripta, 23, 3–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorson, G., 1941. Marine Gastropoda Prosobranchiata. Zoology of Iceland, Copenhagen, 4(60), 1–150.Google Scholar
Vahl, O., 1971. Growth and density of Patina pellucida (L.) (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) on Laminaria hyperborea (Gunnerus) from western Norway. Ophelia, 9, 31–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar