Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T06:32:43.090Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects on Dietary Lipids of the Marine Bivalve Scrobicularia Plana Feeding in Different Modes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2009

Stuart A. Bradshaw ,
Sean C.M. O'Hara ,
Eric D. S. Corner  and
Geoffrey Eglinton
Stuart A. Bradshaw
Affiliation:
Organic Geochemistry Unit, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 ITS
Sean C.M. O'Hara
Affiliation:
'Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL 2PB
Eric D. S. Corner
Affiliation:
'Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL 2PB
Geoffrey Eglinton
Affiliation:
Organic Geochemistry Unit, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 ITS
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Changes in dietary lipids were investigated in laboratory feeding experiments simulating herbivorous and coprophagous modes of feeding in the bivalve mollusc Scrobicularia plana (da Costa). The dinoflagellate Scrippsiella trochoidea (Stein) was used as the food in herbivory experiments while faeces from the crustaceanNeomysis integer (Leach) feeding on Scrippsiella were used as the food in coprophagy experiments. Changes in dietary total fatty acids, sterols and fatty alcohols were characterised by analyses of the food, faeces andanimal tissues using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

There is a net decrease in the total lipid of the digested material during both herbivory and coprophagy. However, while fatty acids are assimilated, sterols are contributed to the faeces, leading to a decrease in the fatty acid:sterol (FAST) ratio of the digested material. Coprophagy decreases the ratio still further, such that faeces have a FAST ratio of <1

Scrobicularia preferentially assimilates dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Reworking of sedimentary material (as in coprophagy) will lead to PUFA-deficient sedimentary fatty acid distributions. Both herbivory and coprophagy lead to relative increases in 'bacterial' odd carbon-number normal and branched fatty acids in the digested material, though not the 'bacterial' marker 18:1 Benthic molluscan feeding, particularly coprophagy, contributes partly to the 'bacterial' fatty acid content of the sediments.

Scrobicularia contributes its own sterols to the faeces, especially cholesterol. Such contributions aredependent on the dietary sterols present. With a cholesterol-poor diet (herbivory), A5 4–desmethyl sterols are contributed to the faeces and dietary A8(14) sterols decrease, suggesting a A8(14) U021e2; A5 conversion may occur. With a cholesterol-rich diet (coprophagy), the A5 sterol is taken up from the diet.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 71 , Issue 3 , August 1991 , pp. 635 - 653
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Billet, D.S.M., Lampitt, R.S., Rice, A.L & Mantoura, R.F.C., 1983. Seasonal sedimentation of phytoplankton to the deep-sea benthos. Nature, London, 302, 520–522.Google Scholar
Bishop, J.K.B., Ketten, D.R. & Edmond, J.M., 1978. The chemistry, biology and vertical flux of particulate matter from the upper 400 m of the Cape Basin in the southeast Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Research, 25, 1121–1161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bligh, E.G. & Dyer, W.J., 1959. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Canadian Journal ofBiochemistry and Physiology, 37, 911–917.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bradshaw, S. A., O'hara, S.C.M., Corner, E.D.S. & Eglinton, G., 1989. Assimilation of dietary sterols and faecal contribution of lipids by the marine invertebrates Neomysis integer, Scrobicularia plana and Nereis diversicolor. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 69, 891–911.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradshaw, S.A., O'hara, S.C.M., Corner, E.D.S. & Eglinton, G., 1990a. Changes in lipids during simulated herbivorous feeding by the marine crustacean Neomysis integer. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of theUnited Kingdom, 70, 225–243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradshaw, S. A., O'hara, S.C.M., Corner, E.D.S. & Eglinton, G., 1990b. Dietary lipid changes during herbivory and coprophagy by the marine invertebrate Nereis diversicolor. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 70, 771–787.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooks, P.W. & Maxwell, J.R., 1974. Early stage fate of phytol in a recently-deposited lacustrine sediment. InAdvances in Organic Geochemistry (ed. B., Tissot et al.), pp. 977–991. Paris: Editions Technip.Google Scholar
Bryn, K., Jantzen, E. & Bevre, K., 1977. Occurrence and patterns of waxes in Neisseriaceae. Journal of GeneralMicrobiology, 102, 33–43.Google ScholarPubMed
Eyssen, H.J., Parmentier, G.G., Compernolle, F.C., De Pauw, G. & Piessens-Denef, M., 1973. Biohydration of sterols by Eubacterium ATCC 21,408-Mroa species. European Journal of Bio-chemistry, 36, 4U–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gagosian, R.B., Smith, S.O. & Nigrelli, G.E., 1982. Vertical transport of steroid alcohols and ketones measured in a sediment trap experiment in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Ada, 46, 1163–1172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goad, L.J., 1978. The sterols of marine invertebrates: composition, biosynthesis and metabolites. In Marine natural products: chemical and biological perspectives, vol. 2 (ed. Scheuer, P.J.), pp. 75–172, New York: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harvey, H.R., Bradshaw, S. A., O'hara, S.C.M., Eglinton, G. & Corner, E.D.S., 1988. Lipid Composition Of The Marine Dinoflagellate Scrippsiella Trochoidea. Phytochemistry, 27, 1723–1729.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harvey, H.R., Eglinton, G., O'hara, S.C.M. & Corner, E.D.S., 1987. Biotransformation and assimilation of dietary lipids by Calanus feeding on a dinoflagellate. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 51, 3031–3040.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harvey, H.R., O'hara, S.C.M., Eglinton, G. & Corner, E.D.S., 1989. The comparative fate of dinosterol andcholesterol in copepod feeding: implications for a conservative molecular biomarker in the marine water column. Organic Geochemistry, 14, 635–641.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Honjo, S., 1978. Sedimentation of materials in the Sargasso Sea at a 5, 367 m deep station. Journal of Marine Research, 36, 469–492.Google Scholar
Hughes, R.N., 1969. A study of feeding in Scrobicularia plana. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of theUnited Kingdom, 49, 805–823.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huntley, M., Sykes, P., Rohan, S. & Marin, V., 1986. Chemically-mediated rejection of dinoflagellate prey by the copepods Calanus pacificus and Paracalanus parvus: mechanism, occurrence and significance. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 28, 105–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobsen, T.R. & Azam, F., 1984. Role of bacteria in copepod faecal pellet decomposition: colonization, growthrates and mineralization. Bulletin of Marine Science, 35, 495–502.Google Scholar
Johns, R.B., Volkman, J.K. & Gillan, F.T., 1978. Kerogen precursors: chemical and biological alteration of lipids in the sedimentary surface layer. The APEA Journal, 1978, 157–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, G.J., Nichols, P.D. & Johns, R.B., 1983. The lipid composition of Thoracosphaera heimii: evidence for inclusion in the Dinophyceae. Journal of Phycology, 19, 416–420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leeuw, J.W. De, Rijpstra, W.I.C., Schenck, P.A. & Volkman, J.K., 1983. Free, esterified and residual bound sterols in Black Sea Unit I sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 47, 455–465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marlowe, I.T., Green, J.C., Neal, A.C., Brassell, S.C., Eglinton, G. & Course, P.A., 1984. Long chain (n–C37-C3,) alkenones in the Prymnesiophyceae. Distribution of alkenones and other lipids and their taxonomic significance. British Phycology Journal, 19, 203–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neal, A.C., Prahl, F.G., Eglinton, G., O'hara, S.C.M. & Corner, E.D.S., 1986. Lipid changes during a planktonic feeding sequence involving unicellular algae, Elminius nauplii and adult Calanus. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66, 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nichols, P.D., Jones, G.J., Leeuw, J.W. De & Johns, R.B. 1984. The fatty acid and sterol composition of two marine dinoflagellates. Photochemistry, 23, 1043–1047.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orcutt, D.M. & Patterson, G.W., 1975. Sterol, fatty acid and elemental composition of diatoms grown in chemically defined media. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 50B, 579–583.Google ScholarPubMed
Perry, G.J., Volkman, J.K., Johns, R.B. & Bavor, H.J. Jr, 1979. Fatty acids of bacterial origin in contemporary marine sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Ada, 43, 1715–1725.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prahl, F.G., Eglinton, G., Corner, E.D.S. & O'hara, S.C.M., 1984a. Copepod fecal pellets as a source of dihydrophytol in marine sediments. Science, New York, 224, 1235–1237.Google ScholarPubMed
Prahl, F.G., Eglinton, G., Corner, E.D.S., O'hara, S.C.M. & Forsberg, T.E.V., 1984b. Changes in plant lipids during passage through the gut of Calanus. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 64, 317–334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prahl, F.G., Eglinton, G., Corner, E.D.S. & O'hara, S.C.M., 1985. Faecal lipid released by feeding fish onzooplankton. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 65, 547–560.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rhead, M.M., Eglinton, G., Draffen, G.H. & England, P.J., 1971. Conversion of oleic acid to saturated fatty acids in Severn estuary sediments. Nature, London, 232, 327–330.Google ScholarPubMed
Robinson, N., Cranwell, P. A., Eglinton, G., Brassell, S.C., Sharp, C.L., Gophen, M. & Pollingher, U., 1986. Lipid geochemistry of Lake Kinneret. Organic Geochemistry, 10, 733–742.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, N., Eglinton, G., Brassell, S.C. & Cranwell, P.A., 1984. Dinoflagellate origin for sedimentary 4a-methylsteroids and 5a(H)-stanols. Nature, London, 308, 439–441.Google Scholar
Sargent, J.R., Morris, Rj. & Mclntosh, R., 1978. Biosynthesis of wax esters in oceanic crustaceans. Marine Biology, 46, 315–320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schroepfer, G.J., 1982. Sterol biosynthesis. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 51, 555–585.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slawson, V. & Stein, R.A. 1970. Comparative autoxidative susceptibility of fatty esters with 0–6 methylene-interrupted double bonds. Lipids, 6, 713–717.Google Scholar
Smetacek, V., Von Brockel, K., Zeitzschel, B. & Zenk, W., 1978. Sedimentation of particulate matter during a phy toplankton spring bloom in relation to the hydrographical regime. Marine Biology, 47, 211–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Staresinic, N., Farrington, J., Gagosian, R.B., Clifford, C.H. & Hulbert, E.M., 1983. Downward transport of particulate matter in the Peru coastal upwelling: role of the Anchoveta, Engraulis ringens. In Coastal Upwelling, Pt A (ed. Suess, E. & Thiede, J.), pp. 225–240. New York: Plenum Publishing Corporation.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanoue, E., Handa, N. & Sakugawa, H., 1982. Difference Of The Chemical Composition Of Organic Matter Between Fecal Pellet Of Euphausia Superba And Its Feed Dunaliella Tertiolecta. Transactions of the Tokyo University of Fisheries, 5, 189–196.Google Scholar
Taylor, Cd., Smith, S.O. & Gagosian, R.B., 1981. Use of microbial enrichments for the study of anaerobic degradation of cholesterol. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 45, 2161–2168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Volkman, J.K., 1986. A review of sterol markers for marine and terrigenous organic matter.Organic Geochemistry, 9, 83–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Volkman, J.K., Corner, E.D.S. & Eglinton, G., 1980a. Transformations of biolipids in the marine food web and in underlying bottom sediments. Colloques Internationaux du CNRS, no. 293, 185–197.Google Scholar
Volkman, J.K., Farrington, J.W. & Gagosian, R.B. 1987. Marine and terrigenous lipids in coastal sediments fromthe Peru upwelling region at 15°S: Sterols and triterpene alcohols. Organic Geochemistry, 11, 463–477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Volkman, J.K., Johns, R.B., Gillan, F.T., Perry, G.J. & Bavor, H.J. Jr, 1980b. Microbial lipids of an intertidal sediment -1. Fatty acids and hydrocarbons. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 44, 1133–1143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiebe, P.H., Boyd, S.H. & Winget, C, 1976. Particulate matter sinking to the deep-sea floor at 2000 m in the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas, with a description of a new sedimentation trap. Journal of Marine Research, 34, 341–354.Google Scholar
Yamaguchi, T., Ito, K. & Hata, M., 1986. Studies on the sterols of some marine phytoplanktons. Tohoku Journal of Agricultural Research, 37, 5–14.Google Scholar