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Ecology and systematics of the north European species of Rissoa and Pusillina (Prosobranchia: Rissoidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2009

Anders Warén
Anders Warén
Affiliation:
Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden
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Extract

Five, possibly six, north European species are confirmed in the prosobranch genera Rissoa and Pusillina: R. parva (Da Costa); R. lilacina Récluz; R. membranacea (Adams) (types A & B); P. inconspicua (Alder) and P. sarsi (Lovén).

The five species differ ecologically in salinity tolerances, with R. membranacea and P. sarsi being the most tolerant and regularly occurring at salinities of 7–10%0, while R. parva, R. lilacina, and P. inconspicua tolerate salinities down to 20%0 (for shorter periods 15%0). There are also differences in the ability to survive occasional, short exposures to highly reduced salinity with 50% survival for R. membranacea after 80 h; R. lilacina, 30 h; P. sarsi, 25–30 h; and for P. inconspicua after 15 h exposure to freshwater at 8°C. At higher temperatures the survival is lower. There is a difference in the requirements on water circulation, with R. parva and R. lilacina preferring more current-swept and exposed environments.

Rissoa membranacea occurs in two types, possibly species, with planktotrophic and lecithotrophic larval development respectively. In Scandinavia, populations with lecithotrophic development have a restricted occurrence between Sjaelland and Jylland in Denmark, but may be more common in the UK and France. Such specimens are always accompanied by the planktotrophic form, and it can not be excluded that the two forms are conspecific and this is a case of poecilogony. There is also a possibility that P. sarsi actually constitutes a series of populations of P. inconspicua adapted to local, more brackish conditions by larger egg size and veligers, but the two are regarded as distinct species.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 76 , Issue 4 , November 1996 , pp. 1013 - 1059
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1996

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