Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T00:13:57.556Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Actinia ebhayiensis sp. nov., a new species of sea anemone (Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Actiniidae) from South Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 September 2011

Renata Schama ,
Michela Mitchell  and
Antonio Mateo Solé-Cava
Renata Schama
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Biodiversidade Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, CCS, Bloco A, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941–590, Brazil
Michela Mitchell
Affiliation:
Museum Victoria, Sciences Department, GPO Box 666, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
Antonio Mateo Solé-Cava*
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Biodiversidade Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, CCS, Bloco A, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941–590, Brazil
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: A.M. Solé-Cava, Laboratório de Biodiversidade Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, CCS, Bloco A, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941–590, Brazil email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In this work we describe Actinia ebhayiensis sp. nov. from South Africa. The species is externally similar to the type species of the genus, Actinia equina, from which it can be distinguished by nematocyst and allozyme data. Actinia ebhayiensis has a smooth, red column, with well-delimited parapet leading to a deep fosse where conspicuous blue acrorhagi can be found. Tentacles and oral disc are crimson red, and the pedal disc has a lighter pink colour. The microbasic p-mastigophores and b-mastigophores of the mesenterial filaments of the new species are significantly smaller than those of A. equina. Actinia ebhayiensis can also be clearly distinguished from other species of the genus in nematocyst measurements, genetic data and muscle morphology.

Keywords

AnthozoageneticstaxonomyActinia ebhayiensis sp. nov.
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 92 , Issue 5 , August 2012 , pp. 885 - 894
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Acuña, F.H. and Griffiths, C.L. (2004) Species richness, endemicity and distribution patterns of South African sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria & Corallimorpharia). African Zoology 39, 193–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allcock, A.L., Watts, P.C. and Thorpe, J.P. (1998) Divergence of nematocysts in two colour morphs of the intertidal beadlet anemone Actinia equina. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78, 821–828.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ayre, D.J. (1984) The effects of sexual and asexual reproduction on geographical variation in the sea anemone Actinia tenebrosa. Oecologia 62, 222–229.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ardelean, A. and Fautin, D.G. (2004) Variability in the nematocysts from a single individual of the sea anemone Actinodendron arboreum (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria). Hydrobiologia 530/531, 189–197.Google Scholar
Belkhir, K., Borsa, P., Chikhi, L., Raufaste, N. and Bonhomme, F. (1996–2004) GENETIX 4.05, logiciel sous Windows TM pour la génétique des populations. Laboratoire Génome, Populations, Interactions, CNRS UMR 5000, Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier (France).Google Scholar
Black, R. and Johnson, M.S. (1979) Asexual viviparity and population genetics of Actinia tenebrosa. Marine Biology 53, 27–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Branch, G., Griffiths, C.L., Branch, M.L. and Beckley, L.E. (2007) Two oceans: a guide to marine life of Southern Africa. 2nd edition. Cape Town: Struik Publishers.Google Scholar
Carlgren, O. (1900) Ostrafrikansche Actinien. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg 17, 1–124.Google Scholar
Carlgren, O. (1924) Actiniaria from New Zealand and its Subantarctic Islands. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening 77, 179–261.Google Scholar
Carlgren, O. (1938) South African Actiniaria and Zoantharia. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 17, 1–148.Google Scholar
Carlgren, O. (1950) Corallimorpharia, Actiniaria and Zoantharia from New South Wales and South Queensland. Arkiv för Zoologi 1, 131–146.Google Scholar
Carter, M.A. and Thorpe, J.P. (1981) Reproductive, genetic and ecological evidence that Actinia equina var. mesembryanthemum and var. fragacea are not conspecific. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 61, 79–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cha, H-R., Buddemeier, R.W., Fautin, D.G. and Sandhei, P. (2004) Distribution of sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) in Korea analyzed by environmental clustering. Hydrobiologia 530/531, 497–502.Google Scholar
Chintiroglou, C. (1996) Biometric study of Edwardsia claparedii (Panceri) cnidome (Actiniaria: Anthozoa). Belgian Journal of Zoology 126, 177–180.Google Scholar
Chintiroglu, C. and den Hartog, J.C. (1995) Additional records of Actiniaria (Anthozoa) from Greece. Zoologische Mededelingen 69, 353–364.Google Scholar
Chintiroglou, C.C. and Simsiridou, M. (1997) Biometric investigations on the cnidae of the sea anemone Actinia equina mediterranea form I sensu Schmidt, 1972. Israel Journal of Zoology 43, 5–11.Google Scholar
Chintiroglou, C.C., Christou, I. and Simsiridou, M. (1997) Biometric investigations on the cnidae of Aegean color morphs of Actinia equina mediterranea sensu Schmidt, 1972. Israel Journal of Zoology 43, 377–384.Google Scholar
Chintiroglou, C. and Stefanidou, D. (1996) Notes on the sea anemone Actinia striata (Rizzi, 1907) (Anthozoa, Cnidaria): taxonomy, habitat, distribution. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 72, 339–346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cocks, W.P. (1850) Contributions to the fauna of Falmouth. Reports of the Cornwall Polytechnic Society 17, 94–95.Google Scholar
Dalyell, J.G. (1848) Rare and remarkable animals of Scotland. Volume I. London: Van Voorst.Google Scholar
Delle Chiaje, S. (1825) Memorie su la storia e la notomia degli animali senza vertebre die Reprio di Napoli. Napoli: Stamperia de Fratelli Fernandes.Google Scholar
Donoghue, A.M., Quicke, D.L.J. and Brace, R.C. (1985) Biochemical–genetic and acrorhagial characteristics of pedal disc colour phenotypes of Actinia equina. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 65, 21–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
England, K.W. (1991) Nematocysts of sea anemones (Actiniaria, Ceriantharia and Corallimorpharia: Cnidaria): nomenclature. Hydrobiologia 216/217, 691–697.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farquhar, H. (1898) Preliminary account of some New-Zealand Actinitaria. Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology) 26, 527–536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fautin, D.G. (2009) Structural diversity, systematics, and evolution of cnidae. Toxicon 54, 1054–1064.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Francis, L. (2004) Microscaling: why larger anemones have longer cnidae. Biological Bulletin. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole 207, 116–129.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gosse, P. (1860) Actinologia Britannica: a history of the British sea anemones and corals. London: Van Voorst.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffiths, R.J. (1977) Temperature acclimation in Actinia equina L (Anthozoa). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 28, 285–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
den Hartog, J.C. and Ocaña, O. (2003) A new endemic Actinia species (Actiniaria: Actiniidae) from the central Macaronesian Archipelagos. Zoologische Mededelingen 77, 229–244.Google Scholar
Haylor, G.S., Thorpe, J.P. and Carter, M.A. (1984) Genetic and ecological differentiation between sympatric colour morphs of the common intertidal sea anemone Actinia equina. Marine Ecology Progress Series 16, 281–289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hellberg, M.F. (2009) Gene flow and isolation among populations of marine animals. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 40, 291–310CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiernan, J.A. (1990) Histological and histochemical methods: theory and practice. Oxford: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Klautau, M., Russo, C.A.M., Lazoski, C., Boury-Esnault, N., Thorpe, J.P. and Solé-Cava, A.M. (1999) Does cosmopolitanism result from overconservative systematics? A case study using the marine sponge Chondrilla nucula. Evolution 53, 1414–1422.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klecka, W.R. (1980) Discriminant analysis. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knowlton, N. (1993) Sibling species in the sea. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 24, 189–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knowlton, N. (2000) Molecular genetic analyses of species boundaries in the sea. Hydrobiologia 420, 73–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kruger, L.M. and Griffiths, C.L. (1998) Sea anemones as secondary consumers on rocky shores in the south-western Cape, South Africa. Journal of Natural History 32, 629–644.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linnaeus, C. (1758) Tomus I. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae [Stockholm]: Laurentii Salvii [1–4], 824 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linnaeus, C. (1767) Systema Naturae, Tomus I. Pars II, Editio duodecima, reformata. Holmiae [Stockholm]: Laurentii Salvii, pp. 533–1327.Google Scholar
Manuel, R.L. (1981) British Anthozoa. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
McMurrich, J.P. (1889) A contribution to the actinology of Bermudas. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 41, 102–126.Google Scholar
Milne-Edwards, H. (1857) Histoire naturelle des corallieres ou polypes propement dits. Volume 1. Paris: Roret.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monteiro, F.A., Solé-Cava, A.M. and Thorpe, J.P. (1997) Extensive genetic divergence between populations of the common intertidal sea anemone Actinia equina from Britain, the Mediterranean and the Cape Verde Islands. Marine Biology 129, 425–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monteiro, F.A., Russo, C.A.M. and Solé-Cava, A.M. (1998) Genetic evidence for the asexual origin of small individuals found in the coelenteron of the sea anemone Actinia bermudensis McMurrich. Bulletin of Marine Science 63, 257–264.Google Scholar
Nei, M. (1978) Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics 89, 583–590.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ocaña, O., Brito, A. and González, G. (2005) The genus Actinia in the Macaronesian archipelagos: a general perspective of the genus focussed on the North-oriental Atlantic and Mediterranean species (Actiniaria: Actiniidae). Vieraea 33, 477–494.Google Scholar
Orr, J., Thorpe, J.P. and Carter, M.A. (1982) Biochemical genetic confirmation of the asexual production of brooded offspring in the sea anemone Actinia equina. Marine Ecology Progress Series 7, 227–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perrin, M.C., Thorpe, J.P. and Solé-Cava, A.M. (1999) Population structuring, gene dispersal and reproduction in the Actinia equina species group. Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review 37, 129–152.Google Scholar
Quicke, D.L.J. and Brace, R.C. (1984) Evidence for the existence of a third, ecologically distinct morph of the sea anemone Actinia equina. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 64, 531–534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quicke, D.L.J., Donoghue, A.M. and Brace, R.C. (1983) Biochemical–genetic and ecological evidence that red/brown individuals of the sea anemone Actinia equina comprise two morphs in Britain. Marine Biology 77, 28–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quicke, D.L.J., Donoghue, A.M., Keeling, T.F. and Brace, R.C. (1985) Littoral distributions and evidence for differential post-settlement selection of the morphs of Actinia equina. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 65, 1–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rafinesque, C.S. (1815) Analyse de la nature ou tableau de l'univers des corps organisés. Palermo: C.S. Rafinesque, 224 pp.Google Scholar
Schama, R. (2001) Sistemática molecular de Actinia equina (Linnaeus, 1758). Master dissertation. Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Google Scholar
Schama, R., Solé-Cava, A.M. and Thorpe, J.P. (2005) Genetic divergence between east and west Atlantic populations of Actinia spp. sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniidae). Marine Biology 146, 435–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, H. (1971) Taxonomie, Verbreitung und variabilitat Von Actinia equina Linné 1766 (Actiniaria; Anthozoa). Zeitschrift für Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung 9, 161–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, H. (1972) Prodromus zu einer monographie der mediterranen Aktinien. Zoologica 42, 1–120.Google Scholar
Shick, J.M. (1991) A functional biology of sea anemones. London: Chapman and Hall, 395 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solé-Cava, A.M. and Thorpe, J.P. (1987) Further genetic evidence for the reproductive isolation of the green colour morph of the intertidal sea anemone Actinia equina. Marine Ecology Progress Series 38, 225–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solé-Cava, A.M. and Thorpe, J.P. (1992) Genetic divergence between colour morphs in populations of the common intertidal sea anemones Actinia equina and A. prasina (Anthozoa: Actiniaria) in the Isle of Man. Marine Biology 112, 243–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Song, J-I. and Cha, H.R. (2002) Taxonomy of Actiniidae (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Thenaria, Endomyaria) from Korea. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology 18, 253–270.Google Scholar
Stephenson, T.A. (1935) The British sea anemones, Volume 2. London: The Ray Society.Google Scholar
Templeton, R. (1836) A catalogue of the species of rayed animals found in Ireland. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 9, 301–305.Google Scholar
Thorpe, J. P. and Solé-Cava, A.M. (1994) The use of allozyme electrophoresis in invertebrate systematics. Zoologica Scripta 23, 3–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tugwell, G. (1856) A manual of sea anemones commonly found on the English coast. London: Van Voorst.Google Scholar
Valentin, J.L. (2000) Ecologia numérica: uma introdução à análise multivariada de dados ecológicos. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Interciência LTDA.Google Scholar
Watts, P.C., Allcock, A.L., Lynch, S.M. and Thorpe, J.P. (2000) An analysis of the nematocysts of the beadlet anemone Actinia equina and the green sea anemone Actinia prasina. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80, 719–724.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weill, R. (1934) Contribution à l'étude des cnidaires et de leurs nématocystes. Travaux de la Station Zoologique de Wimereux 10, 1–701.Google Scholar
Williams, R.B. (1996) Measurements of cnidae from sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria): statistical parameters and taxonomic relevance. Scientia Marina 60, 339–351.Google Scholar
Williams, R.B. (1998) Measurements of cnidae from sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniria). II: further studies of differences amongst sample means and their taxonomic relevance. Scientia Marina 62, 361–372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar