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ON THE GREATEST PRIME DIVISOR OF THE SUM OF TWO SQUARES OF PRIMES
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 December 1999
Abstract
One of the most famous theorems in number theory states that there are infinitely many positive prime numbers (namely p = 2 and the primes p ≡ 1 mod4) that can be represented in the form x21+x22, where x1 and x2 are positive integers. In a recent paper, Fouvry and Iwaniec [2] have shown that this statement remains valid even if one of the variables, say x2, is restricted to prime values only. In the sequel, the letter p, possibly with an index, is reserved to denote a positive prime number. As p21+p22 = p is even for p1, p2 > 2, it is reasonable to conjecture that the equation p21+p22 = 2p has an infinity of solutions. However, a proof of this statement currently seems far beyond reach. As an intermediate step in this direction, one may quantify the problem by asking what can be said about lower bounds for the greatest prime divisor, say P(N), of the numbers p21+p22, where p1, p2 [les ] N, as a function of the real parameter N [ges ] 1. The well-known Chebychev–Hooley method combined with the Barban–Davenport–Halberstam theorem almost immediately leads to the bound P(N) [ges ] N1−ε, if N [ges ] No(ε); here, ε denotes some arbitrarily small fixed positive real number. The first estimate going beyond the exponent 1 has been achieved recently by Dartyge [1, Théorème 1], who showed that P(N) [ges ] N10/9−ε. Note that Dartyge's proof provides the more general result that for any irreducible binary form f of degree d [ges ] 2 with integer coefficients the greatest prime divisor of the numbers [mid ]f(p1, p2)[mid ], p1, p2 [les ] N, exceeds Nγd−ε, where γd = 2 − 8/(d + 7). We in particular want to point out that Dartyge does not make use of the specific features provided by the form x21+x22. By taking advantage of some special properties of this binary form, we are able to improve upon the exponent γ2 = 10/9 considerably.
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- Notes and Papers
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- The London Mathematical Society 1999