Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T01:11:39.231Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Transcription of Prosodic and Paralinguistic Features of Emotional Speech

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 February 2009

Peter Roach
Affiliation:
Speech Research Laboratory, Department of Linguistic Science, University of Reading, Reading RG6 2AA, UK
Richard Stibbard
Affiliation:
Speech Research Laboratory, Department of Linguistic Science, University of Reading, Reading RG6 2AA, UK
Jane Osborne
Affiliation:
Centre for Applied Language Studies, University of Reading, Reading RG6 2AA, UK
Simon Arnfield
Affiliation:
Speech Research Laboratory, Department of Linguistic Science, University of Reading, Reading RG6 2AA, UK
Jane Setter
Affiliation:
Department of English, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Horn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, e-mail: [email protected]

Extract

A study of emotional speech has resulted in a collection of some five hours of recorded material. The analysis of this material has required computer-based annotation incorporating prosodic and paralinguistic transcription as well as the coding of various psychological variables. A version of the prosodic and paralinguistic transcription devised by Crystal & Quirk was developed for use within the xwavesTM environment. This paper describes this transcription system and its application.

Type
Phonetic Representation
Copyright
Copyright © Journal of the International Phonetic Association 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ball, M.J., Esling, J., & Dickson, C. (1995). The VoQS system for the transcription of voice quality. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25, 7180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beckman, M.E., & Ayers Elam, G. (1997). Guidelines for ToBI Labelling. (Version 3, March 1997). Ohio State University, USA: The Ohio State University Research Foundation.Google Scholar
Brown, B.L. (1980). The detection of emotion in vocal qualities. In Giles, H., Robinson, W.P., & Smith, P.M. (editors), Language: Social Psychological Perspectives, 237245. Oxford: Pergamon.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, G. (1990). Listening to Spoken English. (2nd Edition). London & New York: Longman.Google Scholar
Cruttenden, A. (1997). Intonation. (2nd Edition). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crystal, D. (1969). Prosodic Systems and Intonation in English. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Crystal, D., & Quirk, R. (1964). Systems of Prosodic and Paralinguistic Features in English. The Hague, Netherlands: Mouton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekman, P., Friesen, W.V., & Scherer, K.R. (1976). Body movement and voice pitch in deceptive interaction. Semiotica. 16, 2327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greasley, P., Setter, J., Waterman, M., Sherrard, C, Roach, P., Arnfield, S., & Horton, D. (1995). Representation of prosodic and emotional features in a spoken language database. Proceedings of the X111th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. Stockholm: KTH and Stockholm University, Vol. 1, 242245.Google Scholar
Huttar, G.L. (1968). Relations between prosodic variables and emotions in normal American English utterances. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 11, 481487.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ICPLA Executive Committee (1994). The extIPA chart. Journal of theInternational Phonetic Association 24, 9598.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnstone, T. (1996). Emotional speech elicited using computer games. Proceedings of the International Congress on Spoken Language Processing. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.Google Scholar
Kramer, E. (1963). Judgement of personal characteristics and emotionsfrom nonverbal properties of speech. Psychological Bulletin 60, 408420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuroda, I., Fujiwara, O., Okamura, N., & Utsuki, N. (1976). Methodfor determining pilot stress through analysis of voice communication. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 47, 528533.Google Scholar
Ladd, R.D. (1996). Intonational Phonology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ladefoged, P. (1971). Preliminaries to Linguistic Phonetics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Laver, J. (1980). The Phonetic Description of Voice Quality. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Murray, I.R., & Arnott, J.L. (1993). Toward the simulation of emotion in synthetic speech: A review of the literature on human vocal emotion. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 93, 10971108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scherer, K.R. (1981). Speech and emotional states. In Darby, J.K. (editor), Speech Evaluation in Psychiatry, 189220. New York: Grune & Stratton.Google Scholar
Scherer, K.R. (1985). Vocal affect signalling: a comparative approach. In Rosenblatt, J., Beer, C., Busnel, M.-C., & Slater, P.J.B. (editors), Advances in the Study of Behavior, Vol. 15, 189244.Google Scholar
Silverman, K., Beckman, M.E., Pitrelli, J., Ostendorf, M., Wightman, C., Price, P., Pierrehumbert, J., & Hirschberg, J. (1992). ToBI: A standard for labeling English prosody. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, 286–270.Google Scholar
Simonov, P.V., & Frolov, M.V. (1973). Utilisation of human voice for estimation of man's emotional stress and state of attention. Aerospace Medicine 44, 256258.Google ScholarPubMed
Streeter, L.A., Krauss, R.M., Geller, V., Olson, C., & Apple, W. (1977). Pitch changes during attempted deception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 35, 345350.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, C.E., & Stevens, K.N. (1969). On determining the emotional state of pilots during flight: an exploratory study. Aerospace Medicine 40, 13691372.Google Scholar