Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T18:52:16.036Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The common [ʕ] is an approximant and not a fricative

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 February 2009

Asher Laufer
Asher Laufer
Affiliation:
The Phonetic Laboratory, Hebrew Language Department, The Hebrew Universiry, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel, e-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

As an extensive study of Hebrew and Arabic has revealed that [ʕ] is an approximant in ordinary speech, and as we have no reason to believe that [ʕ] is different in other languages, we should consider [ʕ] to represent not a fricative but a voiced pharyngeal approximant.

Type
Phonetic Representation
Information
Journal of the International Phonetic Association , Volume 26 , Issue 2 , December 1996 , pp. 113 - 118
Copyright
Copyright © Journal of the International Phonetic Association 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Al-Ani, S.H. (1970). Arabic Phonology: An Acoustical and Physiological Investigation (Janua Linguarum 61). The Hague: Mouton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Al-Ani, S.H. (1978). An acoustical and physiological investigation of the Arabic /Ǚà. Al-Ani, S.H. (ed.). Readings in Arabic Linguistics, 89–101. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Linguistics Club.Google Scholar
Boff Dkhissi, M.-C. (1983). Contributions à l'étude experimentale des consonnes d'arrière de l'arabe classique (locuteurs marocains). Trav. Institut de Phonétique 15, Université des Sciences Humaines, Strasbourg.Google Scholar
Bothorel, A. & Brock, G. (1991). The Behaviour of the Epiglottis in Connected Speech. Institut de Phonétique, Université des Sciences Humaines, Strasbourg (videocassette in English and French, with accompanying booklet).Google Scholar
Butcher, A. & Ahmad, K. (1987). Some acoustic and aerodynamic characteristics of pharyngeal consonants in Iraqi Arabic. Phonetica 44, 156–172.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Catford, J.C. (1977). Mountain of tongues: The languages of the Caucasus. Annual Review of Anthropology 6, 283–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Catford, J.C. (1990). Glottal consonants … another view. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20, 25–26.Google Scholar
Delattre, P. (1968). From acoustic cues to distinctive features, Phonetica 18, 198–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delattre, P. (1971). Pharyngeal features in the consonants of Arabic, German, Spanish, French and American English. Phonetica 23, 129–155.Google Scholar
Devens, M.S. (1980). Oriental Israeli Hebrew: a study in phonetics. Afroasiatic Linguistics 7, 127–142.Google Scholar
Elgendy, A.M. (1991). Velum and epiglottis behaviour during the production of Arabic pharyngeals and laryngeals: a fiberscopic study. PERILUS (Phonetic Experimental Research, Institute of Linguistics, University of Stockholm) 12, 83–86.Google Scholar
Fant, G. (1973). Speech Sounds and Features. Cambridge: M.I.T. Press.Google Scholar
Ghazeli, S. (1977). Back Consonants and Backing Coarticulation in Arabic. Doctoral dissertation, University of Texas at Austin.Google Scholar
IPA (1995). Preview of the Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: a guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25, 1–32.Google Scholar
IPA (1996). The International Phonetic Alphabet (revised to 1993, corrected 1996). Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25, middle pages.Google Scholar
Jones, D. (1950). The phoneme: its nature and use. Cambridge: Heffer.Google Scholar
Klatt, D.H. & Stevens, K.N. (1969). Pharyngeal consonants. Speech Communication, Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T. QPR 93, 207–216.Google Scholar
Laufer, A. (1990). Hebrew. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20, 40–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laufer, A. & Condax, I.D. (1981). The function of the epiglottis in speech. Language and Speech 24, 39–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laufer, A. & Baer, T. (1988). The emphatic and pharyngeal sounds in Hebrew and in Arabic. Language and Speech 31, 181–205.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laufer, A. (1995). Modification of the IPA chart. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25, 81–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laver, J. (1980). The Phonetic Description of Voice Quality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Norlin, K. (1983). Acoustic analysis of fricatives in Cairo Arabic. Working Papers, department of Linguistics, Lund University 25, 113–137.Google Scholar
Schaade, A. (1911). Sibawaihi's Lautlehre. Leiden: E. J. Brill.Google Scholar
Wells, J. & House, J. (1995). The Sounds of the International Phonetic Alphabet. Department of Phonetics & Linguistics, University College London (booklet and accompanying tape).Google Scholar