Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T05:01:59.850Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Self-generation Enhances Verbal Recall in Individuals Infected with HIV

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 October 2011

Erica Weber ,
Steven Paul Woods ,
Emily Kellogg ,
Igor Grant  and
Michael R. Basso
Erica Weber
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
Steven Paul Woods*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
Emily Kellogg
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
Igor Grant
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
Michael R. Basso
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Steven Paul Woods, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, 220 Dickinson Street, Suite B, Mail Code 8231, San Diego, California 92103-8231. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Despite the prevalence of HIV-associated episodic memory impairment and its adverse functional impact, there are no empirically validated cognitive rehabilitation strategies for HIV-infected persons. The present study examined the self-generation approach, which is theorized to enhance new learning by elaborating and deepening encoding. Participants included 54 HIV-infected and 46 seronegative individuals, who learned paired word associates in both self-generated and didactic encoding experimental conditions. Results revealed main effects of HIV serostatus and encoding condition, but no interaction. Planned comparisons showed that both groups recalled significantly more words learned in the self-generation condition, and that HIV+ individuals recalled fewer words overall compared to their seronegative counterparts at delayed recall. Importantly, HIV+ participants with clinical memory impairment evidenced similar benefits of self-generation compared to unimpaired HIV+ subjects. Self-generation strategies may improve verbal recall in individuals with HIV infection and may, therefore, be an appropriate and potentially effective cognitive rehabilitation tool in this population. (JINS, 2012, 18, 128–133)

Keywords

Episodic memoryNeuropsychological assessmentAIDS dementia complexGeneration effect (learning)CognitionCognitive rehabilitation
Type
Brief Communications
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 18 , Issue 1 , January 2012 , pp. 128 - 133
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Antinori, A., Arendt, G., Becker, J.T., Brew, B.J., Byrd, D.A., Cherner, M., Wojna, V.E. (2007). Updated research nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Neurology, 69, 1789–1799.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Basso, M.R., Lowery, N., Ghormley, C., Combs, D., Johnson, J. (2006). Self-generated learning in people with multiple sclerosis. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 12, 640–648.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bertsch, S., Pesta, B.J., Wiscott, R., McDaniel, M.A. (2007). The generation effect: A meta-analytic review. Memory & Cognition, 35, 201–210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chiaravalloti, N.D., DeLuca, J. (2002). Self-generation as a means of maximizing learning in multiple sclerosis: An application of the generation effect. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 83, 1070–1079.Google Scholar
Dick, M.B., Kean, M.L., Sands, D. (1989). Memory for internally generated words in Alzheimer-type dementia: Breakdown in encoding and semantic memory. Brain and Cognition, 9, 88–108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ellis, R., Langford, D., Masliah, E. (2007). HIV and antiretroviral therapy in the brain: Neuronal injury and repair. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 8, 33–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heaton, R.K., Clifford, D.B., Franklin, D.R., Woods, S.P., Ake, C., Vaida, F., … The CHARTER Group. (2010). HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders persist in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy: CHARTER study. Neurology, 75, 2087–2096.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heaton, R.K., Franklin, D.R., Ellis, R.J., McCutchan, J.A., Letendre, S.L., Leblanc, S., … The HNRC Group. (2011). HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders before and during the era of combination antiretroviral therapy: Differences in rates, nature, and predictors. Journal of Neurovirology, 17, 3–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heaton, R.K., Miller, S.W., Taylor, M.J., Grant, I. (2004). Revised comprehensive norms for an expanded Halstead–Reitan. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.Google Scholar
Hinkin, C.H., Castellon, S.A., Durvasula, R.S., Hardy, D.J., Lam, M.N., Mason, K.I., Stefaniak, M. (2002). Medication adherence among HIV+ adults: Effects of cognitive dysfunction and regimen complexity. Neurology, 59, 1944–1950.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lipinska, B., Bäckman, L., Mäntylä, T., Viltanen, M. (1994). Effectiveness of self-generated cues in early Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology, 16, 809–819.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murji, S., Rourke, S.B., Donders, J., Carter, S.L., Shore, D., Rourke, B.P. (2003). Theoretically derived CVLT subtypes in HIV-1 infection: Internal and external validation. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 9, 1–16.Google Scholar
O'Brien, A., Chiaravalloti, N., Arango-Lasprilla, J.C., Lengenfelder, J., DeLuca, J. (2007). An investigation of the differential effect of self-generation to improve learning and memory in multiple sclerosis and traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 17, 273–292.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Psychological Corporation. (2001). Wechsler Test of Adult Reading. San Antonio, TX: Author.Google Scholar
Slamecka, N.J., Graf, P. (1978). The generation effect: Delineation of a phenomenon. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning & Memory, 4, 592–604.Google Scholar
Souliez, L., Pasquier, F., Lebert, F., Leconte, P., Petit, H. (1996). Generation effect in short term verbal and visuospatial memory: Comparisons between dementia of the Alzheimer type and dementia of the frontal lobe type. Cortex, 32, 347–356.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Gorp, W.G., Rabkin, J.G., Ferrando, S.J., Mintz, J., Ryan, E., Borkowski, T., McElhiney, M. (2007). Neuropsychiatric predictors of return to work in HIV/AIDS. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 13, 80–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Woods, S.P., Moran, L.M., Carey, C.L., Dawson, M.S., Iudicello, J.E., Gibson, S., … The HNRC Group. (2007). Prospective memory in HIV infection: Is “remembering to remember” a unique predictor of self-reported medication management? Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 23, 257–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woods, S.P., Rippeth, J.D., Frol, A.B., Levy, J.K., Ryan, E., Soukup, V.M., Heaton, R.K. (2004). Interrater reliability of clinical ratings and neurocognitive diagnoses in HIV. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 26, 759–778.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed