Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T04:25:00.828Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Retrograde Personal Semantic Memory During Post-Traumatic Amnesia and Following Emergence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 September 2018

Caroline M. Roberts ,
Gershon Spitz ,
Matthew Mundy  and
Jennie L. Ponsford
Caroline M. Roberts*
Affiliation:
Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia
Gershon Spitz
Affiliation:
Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia
Matthew Mundy
Affiliation:
Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
Jennie L. Ponsford
Affiliation:
Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Caroline Roberts, Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, 185-187 Hoddle Street, Richmond, VIC, Australia 3121. E-mail: [email protected].
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Objectives: Anecdotal reports suggest that following traumatic brain injury (TBI) retrograde memories are initially impaired and recover in order of remoteness. However, there has been limited empirical research investigating whether a negative gradient in retrograde amnesia—relative preservation of remote over recent memory—exists during post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) compared with the acute phase post-emergence. This study used a repeated-measures design to examine the pattern of personal semantic (PS) memory performance during PTA and within two weeks of emergence to improve understanding of the nature of the memory deficit during PTA and its relationship with recovery. Methods: Twenty patients with moderate-severe TBI and 20 healthy controls (HCs) were administered the Personal Semantic Schedule of the Autobiographical Memory Interview. The TBI group was assessed once during PTA and post-emergence. Analysis of variance was used to compare the gradient across lifetime periods during PTA relative to post-emergence, and between groups. Results: PS memory was significantly lower during PTA than post-emergence from PTA, with no relative preservation of remote memories. The TBI group was still impaired relative to HCs following emergence from PTA. Lower overall PS memory scores during PTA were associated with increased days to emerge from PTA post-interview. Conclusions: These results suggest a global impairment in PS memory across lifetime periods particularly during PTA, but still present within 2 weeks of emergence from PTA. PS memory performance may be sensitive to the diffuse nature of TBI and may, therefore, function as a clinically valuable indicator of the likely time to emerge from PTA. (JINS, 2018, 24, 1064–1072)

Keywords

Retrograde amnesiaAnterograde amnesiaAutobiographical memoryTraumatic brain injuryWestmead Post-Traumatic Amnesia Scale
Type
Regular Research
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 24 , Issue 10 , November 2018 , pp. 1064 - 1072
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Alvarez, P., & Squire, L.R. (1994). Memory consolidation and the medial temporal lobe: A simple network model. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 91(15), 7041–7045. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.15.7041 Google Scholar
Benson, D.F., & Geschwind, N. (1967). Shrinking retrograde amnesia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 30(6), 539–544. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.30.6.539 Google Scholar
Bluck, S., Alea, N., Habermas, T., & Rubin, D.C. (2005). A tale of three functions: The self-reported uses of autobiographical memory. Social Cognition, 23(1), 91–117. doi: 10.1521/soco.23.1.91.59198 Google Scholar
Bonnelle, V., Ham, T.E., Leech, R., Kinnunen, K.M., Mehta, M.A., Greenwood, R.J., &Sharp, D.J. (2012). Salience network integrity predicts default mode network function after traumatic brain injury. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(12), 4690–4695. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1113455109 Google Scholar
Bonnelle, V., Leech, R., Kinnunen, K.M., Ham, T.E., Beckmann, C.F., De Boissezon, X., & Sharp, D.J. (2011). Default mode network connectivity predicts sustained attention deficits after traumatic brain injury. The Journal of Neuroscience, 31(38), 13442–13451. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1163-11.2011 Google Scholar
Brown, M.B., & Forsythe, A.B. (1974). The small sample behavior of some statistics which test the equality of several means. Technometrics, 16(1), 129–132. doi: 10.2307/1267501 Google Scholar
Conway, M.A., & Pleydell-Pearce, C.W. (2000). The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system. Psychological Review, 107(2), 261–288. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.107.2.261 Google Scholar
Corrigan, J.D. (1989). Development of a scale for assessment of agitation following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 11(2), 261–277. doi: 10.1080/01688638908400888 Google Scholar
Corrigan, J.D., Mysiw, W.J., Gribble, M.W., & Chock, S.K. (1992). Agitation, cognition and attention during post-traumatic amnesia. Brain Injury, 6(2), 155–160. doi: 10.3109/02699059209029653 Google Scholar
Coste, C., Agar, N., Petitfour, E., Quinette, P., Guillery-Girard, B., Azouvi, P., & Piolino, P. (2011). Exploring the roles of the executive and short-term feature-binding functions in retrieval of retrograde autobiographical memories in severe traumatic brain injury. Cortex, 47(7), 771–786. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2010.07.004 Google Scholar
Coste, C., Navarro, B., Vallat-Azouvi, C., Brami, M., Azouvi, P., & Piolino, P. (2015). Disruption of temporally extended self-memory system following traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychologia, 71, 133–145. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.03.014 Google Scholar
De Simoni, S., Grover, P.J., Jenkins, P.O., Honeyfield, L., Quest, R.A., Ross, E., & Sharp, D.J. (2016). Disconnection between the default mode network and medial temporal lobes in post-traumatic amnesia. Brain, 139(Pt12), 3137–3150. doi: 10.1093/brain/aww241 Google Scholar
Eastvold, A.D., Walker, W.C., Curtiss, G., Schwab, K., & Vanderploeg, R.D. (2013). The differential contributions of posttraumatic amnesia duration and time since injury in prediction of functional outcomes following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 28(1), 48–58. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0b013e31823c9317 Google Scholar
Fisher, C.M. (1966). Concussion amnesia. Neurology, 16(8), 826–826. doi: 10.1212/WNL.16.8.826 Google Scholar
Gowda, N.K., Agrawal, D., Bal, C., Chandrashekar, N., Tripati, M., Bandopadhyaya, G.P., & Mahapatra, A.K. (2006). Technetium Tc-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer brain single-photon emission CT in mild traumatic brain injury: A prospective study. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 27(2), 447–451. doi: 10.1.1.519.4822 Google Scholar
Greenberg, D.L., & Verfaellie, M. (2010). Interdependence of episodic and semantic memory: Evidence from neuropsychology. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 16(5), 748–753. doi: 10.1017/S1355617710000676 Google Scholar
Greene, J.D., Hodges, J.R., & Baddeley, A.D. (1995). Autobiographical memory and executive function in early dementia of Alzheimer type. Neuropsychologia, 33(12), 1647–1670. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(95)00046-1 Google Scholar
Han, K., Chapman, S.B., & Krawczyk, D.C. (2016). Disrupted intrinsic connectivity among default, dorsal attention, and frontoparietal control networks in individuals with chronic traumatic brain injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 22(2), 263–279. doi: 10.1017/S1355617715001393 Google Scholar
High, W.M., Levin, H.S., & Gary, H.E. (1990). Recovery of orientation following closed-head injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 12(5), 703–714. doi: 10.1080/01688639008401013 Google Scholar
Huynh, H., & Feldt, L.S. (1976). Estimation of the box correction for degrees of freedom from sample data in randomized block and split-plot designs. Journal of Educational Statistics, 1(1), 69–82. doi: 10.2307/1164736 Google Scholar
Irish, M., Hornberger, M., Lah, S., Miller, L., Pengas, G., Nestor, P.J., & Piguet, O. (2011). Profiles of recent autobiographical memory retrieval in semantic dementia, behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease. Neuropsychologia, 49(9), 2694–2702. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.05.017 Google Scholar
Irish, M., & Piguet, O. (2013). The pivotal role of semantic memory in remembering the past and imagining the future. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 7(27), 1–11. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00027 Google Scholar
Kopelman, M.D. (1994). The Autobiographical Memory Interview (AMI) in organic and psychogenic amnesia. Memory, 2(2), 211–235. doi: 10.1080/09658219408258945 Google Scholar
Kopelman, M.D., Wilson, B.A., & Baddeley, A.D. (1989). The autobiographical memory interview: A new assessment of autobiographical and personal semantic memory in amnesic patients. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 11(5), 724–744. doi: 10.1080/01688638908400928 Google Scholar
Kosch, Y., Browne, S., King, C., Fitzgerald, J., & Cameron, I. (2010). Post-traumatic amnesia and its relationship to the functional outcome of people with severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 24(3), 479–485. doi: 10.3109/02699051003610417 Google Scholar
Leach, K., Kinsella, G., Jackson, M., & Matyas, T. (2006). Recovery of components of memory in post-traumatic amnesia. Brain Injury, 20(12), 1241–1249. doi: 10.1080/02699050601049874 Google Scholar
Levene, H. (1960). Robust tests for equality of variances. In I. Olkin, S.G. Ghurye, W. Hoeffding, W.G. Madow & H.B. Mann (Eds.), Contributions to probability and statistics: Essays in honor of Harold Hotelling (pp. 278–292). Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Levin, H.S., High, W.M., Meyers, C.A., Von Laufen, A., Hayden, M.E., & Eisenberg, H.M. (1985). Impairment of remote memory after closed head injury. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 48(6), 556–563. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.48.6.556 Google Scholar
Lorberboym, M., Lampl, Y., Gerzon, I., & Sadeh, M. (2002). Brain SPECT evaluation of amnestic ED patients after mild head trauma. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 20(4), 310–313. doi: 10.1053/ajem.2002.34201 Google Scholar
Marshman, L.A.G., Jakabek, D., Hennessy, M., Quirk, F., & Guazzo, E.P. (2013). Post-traumatic amnesia. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 20(11), 1475–1481. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2012.11.022 Google Scholar
Martinelli, P., Sperduti, M., & Piolino, P. (2013). Neural substrates of the self-memory system: New insights from a meta-analysis. Human Brain Mapping, 34(7), 1515–1529. doi: 10.1002/hbm.22008 Google Scholar
Metting, Z., Rödiger, L.A., De Jong, B.M., Stewart, R.E., Kremer, B.P., & Van Der Naalt, J. (2010). Acute cerebral perfusion CT abnormalities associated with posttraumatic amnesia in mild head injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 27(12), 2183–2189. doi: 10.1089/neu.2010.1395 Google Scholar
Nadel, L., & Moscovitch, M. (1997). Memory consolidation, retrograde amnesia and the hippocampal complex. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 7(2), 217–227. doi: 10.1016/S0959-4388(97)80010-4 Google Scholar
Ponsford, J.L., Downing, M.G., Olver, J., Ponsford, M., Acher, R., Carty, M., &Spitz, G. (2014). Longitudinal follow-up of patients with traumatic brain injury: Outcome at two, five, and ten years post-injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 31(1), 64–77. doi: 10.1089/neu.2013.2997 Google Scholar
Ponsford, J.L., Spitz, G., & McKenzie, D. (2016). Using post-traumatic amnesia to predict outcome after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 33(11), 997–1004. doi: 10.1089/neu.2015.4025 Google Scholar
Renoult, L., Davidson, P.S., Palombo, D.J., Moscovitch, M., & Levine, B. (2012). Personal semantics: At the crossroads of semantic and episodic memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(11), 550–558. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2012.09.003 Google Scholar
Ribot, T. (2010, originally published in 1882). Diseases of memory: An essay in the positive psychology. New York: D. Appleton & Company.Google Scholar
Rigon, A., Duff, M.C., McAuley, E., Kramer, A.F., & Voss, M.W. (2016). Is traumatic brain injury associated with reduced inter-hemispheric functional connectivity? A study of large-scale resting state networks following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 33(11), 977–989. doi: 10.1089/neu.2014.3847 Google Scholar
Roberts, C.M., Spitz, G., & Ponsford, J.L. (2015). Retrospective analysis of the recovery of orientation and memory during posttraumatic amnesia. Neuropsychology, 29(4), 522–529. doi: 10.1037/neu0000178 Google Scholar
Russell, W.R. (1935). Amnesia following head injuries. The Lancet, 226(5849), 762–763. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)47843-8 Google Scholar
Russell, W.R., & Nathan, P.W. (1946). Traumatic amnesia. Brain, 69(4), 280–300. doi: 10.1093/brain/69.4.280 Google Scholar
Schönberger, M., Ponsford, J., Reutens, D., Beare, R., & O’Sullivan, R. (2009). The relationship between age, injury severity, and MRI findings after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 26(12), 2157–2167. doi: 10.1089/neu.2015.4025 Google Scholar
Sharp, D.J., Beckmann, C.F., Greenwood, R., Kinnunen, K.M., Bonnelle, V., De Boissezon, X., & Leech, R. (2011). Default mode network functional and structural connectivity after traumatic brain injury. Brain, 134(8), 2233–2247. doi: 10.1093/brain/awr175 Google Scholar
Shores, E.A., Marosszeky, J.E., Sandanam, J., & Batchelor, J. (1986). Preliminary validation of a clinical scale for measuring the duration of post-traumatic amnesia. Medical Journal of Australia, 144(11), 569–572. Retrieved from https://www-mja-com-au.ezproxy.lib.monash.edu.au/ Google Scholar
Solmaz, B., Tunc, B., Parker, D., Whyte, J., Hart, T., Rabinowitz, A., & Verma, R. (2017). Assessing connectivity related injury burden in diffuse traumatic brain injury. Human Brain Mapping, 38(6), 2913–2922. doi: 10.1002/hbm.23561 Google Scholar
Squire, L.R., & Bayley, P.J. (2007). The neuroscience of remote memory. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 17(2), 185–196. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2007.02.006 Google Scholar
Symonds, C. (1962). Concussion and its sequelae. The Lancet, 279(7219), 1–5. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(62)92635-1 Google Scholar
Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6 ed.). Boston: Pearson.Google Scholar
Tate, R.L., Pfaff, A., Baguley, I.J., Marosszeky, J.E., Gurka, J.A., Hodgkinson, A.E., & Hanna, J. (2006). A multicentre, randomised trial examining the effect of test procedures measuring emergence from post-traumatic amnesia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 77(7), 841–849. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2005.074989 Google Scholar
Venkatesan, U.M., Dennis, N.A., & Hillary, F.G. (2015). Chronology and chronicity of altered resting-state functional connectivity after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 32(4), 252–264. doi: 10.1089/neu.2013.3318 Google Scholar
Wasterlain, C.G. (1971). Are there two types of post-traumatic retrograde amnesia? European Neurology, 5(4), 225–228. doi: 10.1159/000114074 Google Scholar
Wilson, B.A., Baddeley, A., Shiel, A., & Patton, G. (1992). How does post-traumatic amnesia differ from the amnesic syndrome and from chronic memory impairment? Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2(3), 231–243. doi: 10.1080/09602019208401410 Google Scholar
Wilson, B.A., Evans, J.J., Emslie, H., Balleny, H., Watson, P.C., & Baddeley, A.D. (1999). Measuring recovery from post traumatic amnesia. Brain Injury, 13(7), 505–520. doi: 10.1080/026990599121412 Google Scholar
Winocur, G., & Moscovitch, M. (2011). Memory transformation and systems consolidation. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 17(5), 766–780. doi: 10.1017/S1355617711000683 Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Roberts et al. supplementary material

Roberts et al. supplementary material 1

Download Roberts et al. supplementary material(File)
File 26.9 KB