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Magnetic resonance imaging correlates of set shifting

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 March 2007

JOEL H. KRAMER ,
LOVINGLY QUITANIA ,
DAVID DEAN ,
JOHN NEUHAUS ,
HOWARD J. ROSEN ,
CATHRA HALABI ,
MICHAEL W. WEINER ,
VINCENT A. MAGNOTTA ,
DEAN C. DELIS  and
BRUCE L. MILLER
JOEL H. KRAMER
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
LOVINGLY QUITANIA
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
DAVID DEAN
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
JOHN NEUHAUS
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
HOWARD J. ROSEN
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
CATHRA HALABI
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
MICHAEL W. WEINER
Affiliation:
Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
VINCENT A. MAGNOTTA
Affiliation:
Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
DEAN C. DELIS
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
BRUCE L. MILLER
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between lobar volumes and set shifting. We studied 101 subjects, including 36 normal controls, 16 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease, 30 patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and 19 patients with semantic dementia (SD), using a shifting paradigm that carefully controlled for component abilities. Subjects were administered two conditions of the Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) Design Fluency Test. In the control condition (DF:Control), examinees generated as many unique designs as possible in 60 s by drawing lines connecting only unfilled dots. In the switching condition (DF:Switch), examinees generated designs by drawing lines alternating between filled and unfilled dots. We used BRAINS2 software to generate volumes of the right and left frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes. Partial correlations and multiple regressions showed that, after controlling for Mini-Mental State Examination and DF:Control, only the right and left frontal lobe volumes significantly correlated with the DF:Switch, most clearly in the FTD and SD groups. Follow-up analyses indicated that frontal contributions to shifting were not related to working memory. Results highlight the importance of carefully controlling for component cognitive processes when studying executive functioning. (JINS, 2007, 13, 386–392.)

Keywords

FTDADD-KEFSFrontal lobesBRAINS2Design fluency
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 13 , Issue 3 , May 2007 , pp. 386 - 392
Copyright
© 2007 The International Neuropsychological Society

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