Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T11:17:16.107Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Implicit memory in amnesic patients: When is auditory priming spared?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2009

Daniel L. Schacter  and
Barbara Church
Daniel L. Schacter
Affiliation:
Harvard University and Memory Disorders Research Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cambridge, MA 02138
Barbara Church
Affiliation:
University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Amnesic patients often exhibit spared priming effects on implicit memory tests despite poor explicit memory. In previous research, we found normal auditory priming in amnesic patients on a task in which the magnitude of priming in control subjects was independent of whether speaker's voice was same or different at study and test, and found impaired voice-specific priming on a task in which priming in control subjects is higher when speaker's voice is the same at study and test than when it is different. The present experiments provide further evidence of spared auditory priming in amnesia, demonstrate that normal priming effects are not an artifact of low levels of baseline performance, and provide suggestive evidence that amnesic patients can exhibit voice-specific priming when experimental conditions do not require them to interactively bind together word and voice information. (JINS, 1995, I, 434–442.)

Keywords

AmnesiaPrimingImplicit memory
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 1 , Issue 5 , September 1995 , pp. 434 - 442
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bowers, J. S. & Schacter, D. L. (1993). Priming of novel information in amnesia: Issues and data. In Graf, P. & Masson, M.E.J. (Eds.), Implicit Memory: New directions in cognition, development, and neuropsychology (pp. 303–326). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Chapman, L.J., Chapman, J.P., Curran, T.E., & Miller, M.G. (1994). Do children and the elderly show heightened seman tic priming? How to answer the question. Developmental Review, 14, 159–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Church, B.A. & Schacter, D.L. (1994). Perceptual specificity of auditory priming: Implicit memory for voice intonation and fundamental frequency. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20, 521–533.Google ScholarPubMed
Cohen, N.J. & Eichenbaum, H. (1993). Memory, amnesia, and the hippocampal system. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Curran, T. & Schacter, D.L. (in press). Implicit memory: What must theories of amnesia explain? Memory.Google Scholar
Gabrieli, J.D.E., Keane, M.M., Stanger, B.Z., Kjelgaard, K.S., Corkin, S., & Growdon, J.H. (1994). Dissociations among structural-perceptual, lexical-semantic, and event-fact memory systems in Alzheimer, amnesic, and normal subjects. Cortex, 30, 75–103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamman, S.B., Squire, L.R., & Schacter, D.L. (1995). Perceptual thresholds and priming in amnesia. Neuropsychology, 9, 1–13.Google Scholar
Humphreys, M.S., Bain, J.D., & Pike, R. (1989). Different ways to cue a coherent memory system: A theory for episodic, se mantic and procedural tasks. Psychological Review, 96, 208–233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, M.K. & Chalfonte, B.L. (1994). Binding of complex memories: The role of reactivation and the hippocampus. In Schacter, D.L. & Tulving, E. (Eds.), Memory systems 1994 (pp. 311–350). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Kinoshita, S. & Wayland, S.V. (1993). Effects of surface features on word-fragment completion in amnesic subjects. American Journal of Psychology, 106, 67–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kirsner, K., Dunn, J.C., & Standen, P. (1989). Domain-specific resources in word recognition. In Lewandowsky, S., Dunn, J.C., & Kirsner, K. (Eds.), Implicit memory: Theoretical issues (pp. 99–122). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Kucera, H. & Francis, W.N. (1967). Computational analysis of present-day American English. Providence, RI: Brown University Press.Google Scholar
Moscovitch, M. (1994). Memory and working-with-memory: Evaluation of a component process model and comparisons with other models. In Schacter, D.L. & Tulving, E. (Eds.), Memory systems 1994 (pp. 269–310). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Nygaard, L.C., Sommers, M.S., & Pisoni, D.B. (1994). Speech perception as a talker-contingent process. Psychological Science, 5, 42–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ostergaard, A.L. & Jernigan, T.L. (1993). Are word priming and explicit memory mediated by different brain structures? In Graf, P. & Masson, M.E.J. (Eds.), Implicit memory: New directions in cognitive, development, and neuropsychology (pp. 327–349). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Ratcliff, R. & McKoon, G. (1988). A retrieval theory of priming in memory. Psychological Review, 95, 385–408.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roediger, H.L.I. & McDermott, K.B. (1993). Implicit memory in normal human subjects. In Spinnler, H. & Boller, F. (Eds.), Handbook of neuropsychology. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Schacter, D.L. (1990). Perceptual representation systems and implicit memory: Toward a resolution of the multiple memory systems debate. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 608, 543–571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schacter, D.L. (1994). Priming and multiple memory systems: Perceptual mechanisms of implicit memory. In Schacter, D.L. & Tulving, E. (Eds.), Memory systems 1994 (pp. 233–268). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schacter, D.L., Chiu, C.Y.P., & Ochsner, K.N. (1993). Implicit memory: A selective review. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 16, 159–182.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schacter, D.L. & Church, B. (1992). Auditory priming: Implicit and explicit memory for words and voices. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 18, 915–930.Google ScholarPubMed
Schacter, D.L., Church, B., & Bolton, E. (1995). Implicit memory in amnesic patients: Impairment of voice-specific priming. Psychological Science, 6, 20–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schacter, D.L., Church, B., & Treadwell, J. (1994). Implicit memory in amnesic patients: Evidence for spared auditory priming. Psychological Science, 5, 20–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schacter, D.L. & Graf, P. (1986). Effects of elaborative process ing on implicit and explicit memory for new associations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 12, 432–444.Google Scholar
Shimamura, A.P. (1986). Priming effects in amnesia: Evidence for a dissociable memory function. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38A, 619–644.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shimamura, A.P. & Squire, L.R. (1989). Impaired priming of new associations in amnesia. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15, 721–728.Google ScholarPubMed
Squire, L.R. (1994). Declarative and nondeclarative memory: Multiple brain systems supporting learning and memory. In Schacter, D.L. & Tulving, E. (Eds.), Memory Systems 1994 (pp. 203–232). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Tulving, E. & Schacter, D.L. (1990). Priming and human memory systems. Science, 247, 301–306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed