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HIV Infection Is Associated with Impaired Striatal Function during Inhibition with Normal Cortical Functioning on Functional MRI

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 October 2015

Stéfan du Plessis ,
Matthijs Vink ,
John A. Joska ,
Eleni Koutsilieri ,
Asif Bagadia ,
Dan J Stein  and
Robin Emsley
Stéfan du Plessis*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, 2nd Floor Clinical Building, Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Fransie van Zijl Avenue, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
Matthijs Vink
Affiliation:
Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
John A. Joska
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, J-Block, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town
Eleni Koutsilieri
Affiliation:
Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
Asif Bagadia
Affiliation:
Department of Radiology, 5th Floor Clinical Building, Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Fransie van Zijl Avenue, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
Dan J Stein
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, J-Block, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town Medical Research Council (Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders), 2nd Floor Clinical Building, Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
Robin Emsley
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, 2nd Floor Clinical Building, Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Fransie van Zijl Avenue, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Stéfan du Plessis, Department of Psychiatry, 2nd Floor Clinical Building, Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Fransie van Zijl Avenue, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505 South Africa. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of HIV infection on cortical and subcortical regions of the frontal-striatal system involved in the inhibition of voluntary movement. Functional MRI (fMRI) studies suggest that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with frontostriatal dysfunction. While frontostriatal systems play a key role in behavioral inhibition, there are to our knowledge no fMRI studies investigating the potential impact of HIV on systems involved during the inhibition of voluntary movement. A total of 17 combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) naïve HIV+ participants as well as 18 age, gender, ethnic, education matched healthy controls performed a modified version of the stop-signal paradigm. This paradigm assessed behavior as well as functional brain activity associated with motor execution, reactive inhibition (outright stopping) and proactive inhibition (anticipatory response slowing before stopping). HIV+ participants showed significantly slower responses during motor execution compared to healthy controls, whereas they had normal proactive response slowing. Putamen hypoactivation was evident in the HIV+ participants based on successful stopping, indicating subcortical dysfunction during reactive inhibition. HIV+ participants showed normal cortical functioning during proactive inhibition. Our data provide evidence that HIV infection is associated with subcortical dysfunction during reactive inhibition, accompanied by relatively normal higher cortical functioning during proactive inhibition. This suggests that HIV infection may primarily involve basic striatal-mediated control processes in cART naïve participants. (JINS, 2015, 21, 722–731)

Keywords

BrainInhibitionDementiafMRIPutamenHIV
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 21 , Issue 9 , October 2015 , pp. 722 - 731
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2015 

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