Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T04:44:41.449Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Differential impact of age on verbal memory and executive functioning in chronic kidney disease

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 February 2007

WENDY LOKEN THORNTON ,
R. JEAN SHAPIRO ,
SIRAD DERIA ,
SHANNON GELB  and
AMANDA HILL
WENDY LOKEN THORNTON
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
R. JEAN SHAPIRO
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
SIRAD DERIA
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
SHANNON GELB
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
AMANDA HILL
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

We compared aspects of verbal memory and executive functioning in 51 community-dwelling persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 55 healthy controls matched on age and education. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), and illness variables included glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and hemoglobin. Findings indicate that persons with CKD exhibited poorer performance on measures of memory (CVLT-II) and executive functioning (DKEFS Trailmaking Test B and Color-Word Interference Tests) in comparison with healthy controls. Furthermore, performance decrements were magnified in older CKD participants on measures of verbal memory and inhibition. Nearly half of CKD participants aged 61 and older exhibited significant impairments in verbal memory and inhibition in comparison to matched controls. Cognitive performance in CKD was not associated with measures of illness severity. The differences observed were not accounted for by depressive symptoms, which were only weakly associated with cognitive performance, and negatively associated with age. Findings highlight the need for further exploration of the etiologies and functional consequences of the neuropsychological presentation of CKD. (JINS, 2007, 13, 344–353.)

Keywords

Cerebrovascular disordersMemoryCognitionKidney diseasesAgingNeuropsychologyDementia
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 13 , Issue 2 , March 2007 , pp. 344 - 353
Copyright
© 2007 The International Neuropsychological Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abate, G., Zito, M., Ferrari-Ramondo, V., & Di Iorio, A. (2001). Blood pressure and dementia: A review. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 33(Suppl. 7), 7–18.Google Scholar
Burn, D.J. & Bates, D. (1998). Neurology and the kidney. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 65, 810–821.Google Scholar
Campbell, N.R.C., Joffres, M.R., & McKay, D.W. (2005). Hypertension surveillance in Canada: Minimum standards for assessing blood pressure in surveys. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 96, 217–220.Google Scholar
Carmelli, D., Swan, G.E., Reed, T., Wolf, P.A., Miller, B.L., & DeCarli, C. (1999). Midlife cardiovascular risk factors and brain morphology in identical older male twins. Neurology, 52, 1119–1124.Google Scholar
Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 155–159.Google Scholar
Collins, A.J., Kasiske, B., Herzog, C., Chen, S.C., Everson, S., Constantini, E., Grimm, R., McBean, M., Xue, J., Chavers, B., Matas, A., Manning, W., Louis, T., Pan, W., Liu, J., Suying, L., Roberts, T., Dalleska, F., Snyder, J., Ebben, J., Frazier, E., Sheets, D., Johnson, R., Li, S., Dunning, S., Berrini, D., Guo, H., Solid, C., Arko, C., Daniels, F., Wang, X., Forrest, B., Gilbertson, D., St. Peter, W., Frederick, P., Eggers, P., & Agodoa, L. (2003). U.S. Renal Data System. Excerpts from the USRDS 2002 Annual Data Report: Atlas of end-stage renal disease in the United States. American Journal of Kidney Disease, 42(Suppl. 6), 1–260.Google Scholar
Coresh, J., Astor, B.C., Greene, T., Eknoyan, G., & Levey, A.S. (2003). Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and decreased kidney function in the adult US population: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. American Journal of Kidney Disease, 41, 1–12.Google Scholar
Delis, D., Kramer, J.A., Kaplan, E., & Ober, B. (2000). The California Verbal Learning Test (2nd ed.) adult version. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
Delis, D.C., Kaplan, E., & Kramer, J.H. (2001). Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
Desmond, D.W., Erkinjuntti, T., Sano, M., Cummings, J.L., Bowler, J.V., Pasquier, F., Moroney, J.T., Ferris, S.H., Stern, Y., Sachdev, P.S., & Hachinski, V.C. (1999). The cognitive syndrome of vascular dementia: Implications for clinical trials. Alzheimer's Disease and Associated Disorders, 13(Suppl. 3), 21–29.Google Scholar
Ekstrom, R.B., Harmon, D., & Dermen, D. (1976). Manual for kit of factor-referenced cognitive tests. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Services.
Fazekas, G., Fazekas, F., Schmidt, R., Flooh, E., Valetitsch, H., Kapeller, P., & Krejs, G.J. (1996). Pattern of cerebral blood flow and cognition in patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis treatment. Nuclear Medicine Communications, 17, 85–88.Google Scholar
Fazekas, G., Fazekas, F., Schmidt, R., Kapeller, P., Offenbacher, H., & Krejs, G.J. (1995). Brain MRI findings and cognitive impairment in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis treatment. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 134, 85–88.Google Scholar
Gunning-Dixon, F. & Raz, N. (2000). The cognitive correlates of white matter abnormalities in normal aging: A quantitative review. Neuropsychology, 14, 224–232.Google Scholar
Hachinski, V. (1994). Vascular dementia: A radical redefinition. Dementia, 5, 130–132.Google Scholar
Hassing, L.B., Hofer, S.M., Nilsson, S.E., Berg, S., Pedersen, N.L., McClearn, G., & Johansson, B. (2004). Comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension exacerbates cognitive decline: Evidence from a longitudinal study. Age and Ageing, 33, 355–361.Google Scholar
Knopman, D., Boland, L.L., Moseley, T., Howard, G., Liao, D., Szklo, M., McGovern, P., & Folsom, A.R. (2001). Cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive decline in middle-aged adults. Neurology, 56, 42–48.Google Scholar
Kurella, M., Chertow, G.M., Luan, J., & Yaffe, K. (2004). Cognitive impairment in chronic kidney disease. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 52, 1863–1869.Google Scholar
Kurella, M., Yaffe, K., Shlipak, M.G., Wenger, N.K., & Chertow, G.M. (2005). Chronic kidney disease and cognitive impairment in menopausal women. American Journal of Kidney Disease, 1, 66–76.Google Scholar
Lass, P., Buscombe, J.R., Harber, M., Davenport, A., & Hilson, J.W. (1999). Cognitive impairment in patients with renal failure is associated with multiple-infarct dementia. Clinical Nuclear Medicine, 24, 561–565.Google Scholar
Lawton, M.O. & Brody, E.M. (1969). Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist, 9, 179–186.Google Scholar
Leoncini, G., Viazzi, F., Parodi, D., Vettoretti, S., Ratto, E., Ravera, M., Tomolillo, C., Del Sette, M., Bezante, G.P., Deferrari, G., & Pontremoli, R. (2003). Mild renal dysfunction and subclinical cardiovascular damage in primary hypertension. Hypertension, 42, 14–18.Google Scholar
Levey, A.S., Bosch, J.P., Lewis, J.B., Greene, T., Rogers, N., & Roth, D. (1999). A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: A new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Annals of Internal Medicine, 130, 41–49.Google Scholar
Levey, A.S., Coresh, J., Balk, E., Kausz, A.T., Levin, A., Steffes, M.W., Hogg, R.J., Perrone, R.D., Lau, J., & Eknoyan, G. (2003). National Kidney Foundation practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: Evaluation, classification, and stratification. Annals of Internal Medicine, 139, 137–147.Google Scholar
MacKnight, C., Rockwood, K., Awalt, E., & McDowell, I. (2002). Diabetes mellitus and the risk of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular cognitive impairment in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 14, 77–82.Google Scholar
Maugeri, D., Malaguarnera, M., Panebianco, P., Barbagallo, P., Curasi, M.P., Bonanno, M.R., Speciale, S., Santangelo, A., & Russo, M.S. (1999). Assessment of cognitive and affective disorders in an elderly population undergoing hemodialysis. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 29, 239–248.Google Scholar
Miyake, A., Friedman, N.P., Emerson, M.J., Witzki, A.H., & Howerter, A. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “frontal lobe” tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41, 49–100.Google Scholar
Novak, V., Last, D., Alsop, D.C., Abduljalil, A.M., Hu, K., Lepicovsky, L., Cavallerano, J., & Lipsitz, L.A. (2006). Cerebral blood flow velocity and periventricular white matter hyperintensities in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 29, 1529–1534.Google Scholar
Ott, A., Stolk, R.P., van Harskamp, F., Pols, H.A.P., Hofman, A., & Breteler, M.M.B. (1999). Diabetes mellitus and the risk of dementia. Neurology, 53, 1937–1942.Google Scholar
Pereira, A.A., Weiner, D.E., Scott, T., & Sarnak, M.J. (2005). Cognitive function in dialysis patients. American Journal of Kidney Disease, 45, 448–462.Google Scholar
Perlmuter, L.C., Hakima, M.K., Hodgson-Harrington, C., Ginsberg, J., Katz, J., Singer, D.E., & Nathan, D.M. (1984). Decreased cognitive functioning in aging non-insulin dependent diabetes patients. American Journal of Medicine, 77, 1043–1048.Google Scholar
Pliskin, N.H., Kiolbasa, T.A., Hart, R.P., & Umans, J.G. (2001). Neuropsychological function in renal disease and its treatment. In S.R. Beers (Ed.), Medical Neuropsychology, 2nd edition (pp. 107–126). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
Pliskin, N.H., Yurk, H.M., Ho, L.T., & Umans, J.G. (1996). Neurocognitive function in chronic hemodialysis patients. Kidney International, 49, 1435–1440.Google Scholar
Posner, H.B., Tang, M.X., Luchsinger, J., Lantigua, R., Stern, Y., & Mayeux, R. (2002). The relationship of hypertension in the elderly to AD, vascular dementia, and cognitive function. Neurology, 58, 1175–1181.Google Scholar
Radloff, L.S. (1977). A self-report depression scale for research in general populations. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385–401.Google Scholar
Raz, N., Rodrigues, K.M., & Acker, J.D. (2003). Hypertension and the brain: Vulnerability of prefrontal regions and executive functions. Behavioral Neuroscience, 117, 1169–1180.Google Scholar
Reutens, S. & Sachdev, P. (2002). Homocysteine in neuropsychiatric disorders of the elderly. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17, 859–864.Google Scholar
Saxby, B.K., Harrington, F., McKeith, I.G., Wesnes, K., & Ford, G.A. (2001). Effects of hypertension on attention, memory, and executive function in older adults. Health Psychology, 22, 587–591.Google Scholar
Seliger, S.L., Siscovick, D.S., Stehman-Breen, C.O., Gillen, D.L., Fitzpatrick, A., Bleyer, A., & Kuller, L.H. (2004). Moderate renal impairment and risk of dementia among older adults: The Cardio-vascular Health Cognition Study. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 15, 1904–1911.Google Scholar
Steiger, J.H. & Fouladi, R.T. (1992). R2: A computer program for interval estimation, power calculation, and hypothesis testing for the squared multiple correlation. Behaviour Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 4, 581–582.Google Scholar
Stewart, R. (1999). Hypertension and cognitive decline. British Journal of Psychiatry, 174, 286–287.Google Scholar
Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics (5th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Tuokko, H.A., Frerichs, J., & Kristjansoon, B. (2001). Cognitive impairment, no dementia: Concepts and issues. International Psychogeriatrics, 13, 183–202.Google Scholar
Umans, J.G. & Pliskin, N.H. (1998). Attention and mental processing speed in hemodialysis patients. American Journal of Kidney Disease, 32, 749–751.Google Scholar