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Demographic and cognitive predictors of long-term psychosocial outcome following traumatic brain injury

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 May 2006

RODGER LL. WOOD  and
NEIL A. RUTTERFORD
RODGER LL. WOOD
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, School of Human Sciences, University of Wales Swansea, Swansea, United Kingdom
NEIL A. RUTTERFORD
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, School of Human Sciences, University of Wales Swansea, Swansea, United Kingdom
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Abstract

Demographic factors and cognitive impairment have been found previously to have associations with outcome after brain injury. Kendall and Terry (1996) suggest that preinjury psychosocial functioning, neurological factors, and cognitive impairment have a direct relationship with multidimensional psychosocial adjustment, but that cognitive impairment also has an indirect relationship by means of the mediation of appraisal and coping variables. The aim of this study was to explore these theoretical relationships at very late stages of recovery after brain injury. A total of 131 participants who were more than 10 years after injury (mean = 15.31 yr) completed a neuropsychological assessment, plus outcome measures that included employment status, community integration, life satisfaction, quality of life (QoL), and emotion. Results indicated that injury severity was predictive of life satisfaction; gender and relationship status predicted community integration; and age at injury predicted employment status. Impairment in working memory directly predicted all outcomes except QoL and anxiety. An indirect relationship was also evident between working memory, life satisfaction, and depression. Results partially support Kendall and Terry's model but the variables that significantly influence outcome seem to be determined by the outcome dimensions selected. (JINS, 2006, 12, 350–358.)

Keywords

Brain injuriesOutcome studiesDemographic factorsNeuropsychological testsInjury severitySocial adjustment
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 12 , Issue 3 , May 2006 , pp. 350 - 358
Copyright
© 2006 The International Neuropsychological Society

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