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Women have Farther to Fall: Gender Differences Between Normal Elderly and Alzheimer's Disease in Verbal Memory Engender Better Detection of Alzheimer's Disease in Women

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 April 2011

Robert M. Chapman ,
Mark Mapstone ,
Margaret N. Gardner ,
Tiffany C. Sandoval ,
John W. McCrary ,
Maria D. Guillily ,
Lindsey A. Reilly  and
Elizabeth DeGrush
Robert M. Chapman*
Affiliation:
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
Mark Mapstone
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
Margaret N. Gardner
Affiliation:
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
Tiffany C. Sandoval
Affiliation:
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
John W. McCrary
Affiliation:
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
Maria D. Guillily
Affiliation:
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
Lindsey A. Reilly
Affiliation:
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
Elizabeth DeGrush
Affiliation:
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Robert M. Chapman, Center for Visual Science at the University of Rochester, 775 Library Road, Rochester, New York 14627-0270. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

We analyzed verbal episodic memory learning and recall using the Logical Memory (LM) subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-III to determine how gender differences in AD compare to those seen in normal elderly and whether or not these differences impact assessment of AD. We administered the LM to both an AD and a Control group, each comprised of 21 men and 21 women, and found a large drop in performance from normal elders to AD. Of interest was a gender interaction whereby the women's scores dropped 1.6 times more than the men's did. Control women on average outperformed Control men on every aspect of the test, including immediate recall, delayed recall, and learning. Conversely, AD women tended to perform worse than AD men. Additionally, the LM achieved perfect diagnostic accuracy in discriminant analysis of AD versus Control women, a statistically significantly higher result than for men. The results indicate the LM is a more powerful and reliable tool in detecting AD in women than in men. (JINS, 2011, 17, 654–662)

Keywords

Gender differencesAlzheimer's disease (AD)Normal elderlyLogical memoryWechsler Memory Scale (WMS)Verbal episodic memoryLearningSexDiagnosis
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 17 , Issue 4 , 21 June 2011 , pp. 654 - 662
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2011

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