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Neuropsychological and neuroimaging changes in preclinical Alzheimer's disease

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 September 2006

ELIZABETH W. TWAMLEY ,
SUSAN A. LEGENDRE ROPACKI  and
MARK W. BONDI
ELIZABETH W. TWAMLEY
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, La Jolla, California
SUSAN A. LEGENDRE ROPACKI
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
MARK W. BONDI
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, La Jolla, California Psychology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
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Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common, devastating form of dementia. With the advent of promising symptomatic treatment, the importance of recognizing AD at its very earliest stages has increased. We review the extant neuropsychological and neuroimaging literature on preclinical AD, focusing on longitudinal studies of initially nondemented individuals and cross-sectional investigations comparing at-risk with normal individuals. We systematically reviewed 91 studies of neuropsychological functioning, structural neuroimaging, or functional neuroimaging in preclinical AD. The neuropsychological studies indicated that preclinical AD might be characterized by subtle deficits in a broad range of neuropsychological domains, particularly in attention, learning and memory, executive functioning, processing speed, and language. Recent findings from neuroimaging research suggest that volume loss and cerebral blood flow or metabolic changes, particularly in the temporal lobe, may be detected before the onset of dementia. There exist several markers of a preclinical period of AD, in which specific cognitive and biochemical changes precede the clinical manifestations. The preclinical indicators of AD reflect early compromise of generalized brain integrity and temporal lobe functioning in particular. (JINS, 2006, 12, 707–735.)

Keywords

DementiaNeuropsychologyMagnetic resonance imagingPositron emission tomographyCognition disordersMemory disorders
Type
CRITICAL REVIEW
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 12 , Issue 5 , September 2006 , pp. 707 - 735
Copyright
© 2006 The International Neuropsychological Society

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