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Left and right basal ganglia and frontal activity during language generation: Contributions to lexical, semantic, and phonological processes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 February 2004

BRUCE CROSSON ,
HOPE BENEFIELD ,
M. ALLISON CATO ,
JOSEPH R. SADEK ,
ANNA BACON MOORE ,
CHRISTINA E. WIERENGA ,
KAUNDINYA GOPINATH ,
DAVID SOLTYSIK ,
RUSSELL M. BAUER  and
EDWARD J. AUERBACH
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BRUCE CROSSON
Affiliation:
McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainsville Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainsville Veterans Affairs Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Gainsville, Florida
HOPE BENEFIELD
Affiliation:
McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainsville Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainsville
M. ALLISON CATO
Affiliation:
McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainsville Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainsville
JOSEPH R. SADEK
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego
ANNA BACON MOORE
Affiliation:
McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainsville Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainsville Veterans Affairs Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Gainsville, Florida
CHRISTINA E. WIERENGA
Affiliation:
McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainsville Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainsville
KAUNDINYA GOPINATH
Affiliation:
McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainsville Department of Radiology, University of Florida, Gainsville
DAVID SOLTYSIK
Affiliation:
McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainsville Department of Radiology, University of Florida, Gainsville
RUSSELL M. BAUER
Affiliation:
McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainsville Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainsville
EDWARD J. AUERBACH
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, Minneapolis
DIDEM GÖKÇAY
Affiliation:
Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego
CHRISTIANA M. LEONARD
Affiliation:
McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainsville Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainsville
RICHARD W. BRIGGS
Affiliation:
McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainsville Department of Radiology, University of Florida, Gainsville
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Abstract

fMRI was used to determine the frontal, basal ganglia, and thalamic structures engaged by three facets of language generation: lexical status of generated items, the use of semantic vs. phonological information during language generation, and rate of generation. During fMRI, 21 neurologically normal subjects performed four tasks: generation of nonsense syllables given beginning and ending consonant blends, generation of words given a rhyming word, generation of words given a semantic category at a fast rate (matched to the rate of nonsense syllable generation), and generation of words given a semantic category at a slow rate (matched to the rate of generating of rhyming words). Components of a left pre-SMA–dorsal caudate nucleus–ventral anterior thalamic loop were active during word generation from rhyming or category cues but not during nonsense syllable generation. Findings indicate that this loop is involved in retrieving words from pre-existing lexical stores. Relatively diffuse activity in the right basal ganglia (caudate nucleus and putamen) also was found during word-generation tasks but not during nonsense syllable generation. Given the relative absence of right frontal activity during the word generation tasks, we suggest that the right basal ganglia activity serves to suppress right frontal activity, preventing right frontal structures from interfering with language production. Current findings establish roles for the left and the right basal ganglia in word generation. Hypotheses are discussed for future research to help refine our understanding of basal ganglia functions in language generation. (JINS, 2003, 9, 1061–1077.)

Keywords

Basal gangliafMRILanguageThalamus
Type
THEMATIC ARTICLES
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 9 , Issue 7 , November 2003 , pp. 1061 - 1077
Copyright
© 2003 The International Neuropsychological Society

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