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Depressive Symptoms Differentially Predict Neurocognition in Latinx and Non-Hispanic White People Living with HIV

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 September 2020

Emily P. Morris Open the ORCID record for Emily P. Morris [Opens in a new window] ,
Desiree Byrd ,
Angela C. Summers ,
Kayla Tureson ,
Vanessa Guzman ,
Cara L. Crook  and
Monica Rivera Mindt
Emily P. Morris*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Desiree Byrd
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
Angela C. Summers
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA
Kayla Tureson
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Vanessa Guzman
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Cara L. Crook
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA
Monica Rivera Mindt
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA
*
*Correspondence and reprint requests to: Emily P. Morris, M.S., 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI48109, USA. Tel.: 734-764-2580. Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Objectives:

Depression is common in people living with HIV (PLWH) and can contribute to neurocognitive dysfunction. Depressive symptoms in PLWH are often measured by assessing only cognitive/affective symptoms. Latinx adults, however, often express depressive symptoms in a somatic/functional manner, which is not typically captured in assessments of depression among PLWH. Given the disproportionate burden of HIV that Latinx adults face, examining whether variations in expressed depressive symptoms differentially predict neurocognitive outcomes between Latinx and non-Hispanic white PLWH is essential.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included 140 PLWH (71% Latinx; 72% male; mean (M) age = 47.1 ± 8.5 years; M education = 12.6 ± 2.9 years) who completed a comprehensive neurocognitive battery, Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR), and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Neurocognitive performance was measured using demographically adjusted T-scores. BDI-II domain scores were computed for the Fast-Screen (cognitive/affective items) score (BDI-FS) and non-FS score (BDI-NFS; somatic/functional items).

Results:

Linear regressions revealed that the BDI-NFS significantly predicted global neurocognitive function and processing speed in the Latinx group (p < .05), such that higher physical/functional symptoms predicted worse performance. In the non-Hispanic white group, the cognitive/affective symptoms significantly predicted processing speed (p = .02), with more symptoms predicting better performance. Interaction terms of ethnicity and each BDI sub-score indicated that Latinx participants with higher cognitive/affective symptoms performed worse on executive functioning.

Conclusions:

Depressive symptoms differentially predict neurocognitive performance in Latinx and non-Hispanic white PLWH. These differences should be considered when conducting research and intervention among the increasingly culturally and ethnically diverse population of PLWH.

Keywords

DepressionHIVHispanics/LatinxNeurocognitionEthnicityCulture
Type
Regular Research
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 27 , Issue 3 , March 2021 , pp. 249 - 260
Copyright
Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2020

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