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Comparative Effects of Physical Exercise and Other Behavioral Interventions on Functional Status Outcomes in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 July 2021

Anne L. Shandera-Ochsner ,
Melanie J. Chandler ,
Dona E. Locke ,
Colleen T. Ball ,
Julia E. Crook ,
Vaishali S. Phatak  and
Glenn E. Smith Open the ORCID record for Glenn E. Smith [Opens in a new window]
Anne L. Shandera-Ochsner
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Health System, 700 West Ave S, La Crosse, WI54601, USA
Melanie J. Chandler
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL32224, USA
Dona E. Locke
Affiliation:
Division of Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ85259, USA
Colleen T. Ball
Affiliation:
Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ85259, USA
Julia E. Crook
Affiliation:
Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ85259, USA
Vaishali S. Phatak
Affiliation:
Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 42nd and Emile, Omaha, NE68198, USA
Glenn E. Smith*
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, PO Box 100165, Gainesville, FL32610, USA
*
*Correspondence and reprint requests to: Dr. Smith, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, PO Box 100165, Gainesville, FL 32610-0165, USA. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Objectives:

Lifestyle modifications for those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may promote functional stability, lesson disease severity, and improve well-being outcomes such as quality of life. The current analysis of our larger comparative effectiveness study evaluated which specific combinations of lifestyle modifications offered as part of the Mayo Clinic Healthy Action to Benefit Independence in Thinking (HABIT) program contributed to the least functional decline in people with MCI (pwMCI) over 18 months.

Methods:

We undertook to compare evidence-based interventions with one another rather than to a no-treatment control group. The interventions were five behavioral treatments: computerized cognitive training (CCT), yoga, Memory Support System (MSS) training, peer support group (SG), and wellness education (WE), each delivered to both pwMCI and care partners, in a group-based program. To compare interventions, we randomly withheld one of the five HABIT® interventions in each of the group sessions. We conducted 24 group sessions with between 8 and 20 pwMCI–partner dyads in a session.

Results:

Withholding yoga led to the greatest declines in functional ability as measured by the Functional Activities Questionnaire and Clinical Dementia Rating. In addition, memory compensation (calendar) training and cognitive exercise appeared to have associations (moderate effect sizes) with better functional outcomes. Withholding SG or WE appeared to have little effect on functioning at 18 months.

Conclusions:

Overall, these results add to the growing literature that physical exercise can play a significant and lasting role in modifying outcomes in a host of medical conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases.

Keywords

YogaLifestyleQuality of lifeNeurodegenerative diseasesActivities of daily livingCognitive dysfunction
Type
Regular Research
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 27 , Issue 8 , September 2021 , pp. 805 - 812
Copyright
Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2021

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