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Cognitive and Prepulse Inhibition Deficits in Psychometrically High Schizotypal Subjects in the General Population: Relevance to Schizophrenia Research

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 May 2012

Stella G. Giakoumaki
Stella G. Giakoumaki*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Greece
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Stella G. Giakoumaki, Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Gallos University Campus, Rethymno 74100, Crete, Greece. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder share common clinical profiles, neurobiological and genetic substrates along with Prepulse Inhibition and cognitive deficits; among those, executive, attention, and memory dysfunctions are more consistent. Schizotypy is considered to be a non-specific “psychosis-proneness,” and understanding the relationship between schizotypal traits and cognitive function in the general population is a promising approach for endophenotypic research in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. In this review, findings for executive function, attention, memory, and Prepulse Inhibition impairments in psychometrically defined schizotypal subjects have been summarized and compared to schizophrenia patients and their unaffected first-degree relatives. Cognitive flexibility, sustained attention, working memory, and Prepulse Inhibition impairments were consistently reported in high schizotypal subjects in accordance to schizophrenia patients. Genetic studies assessing the effects of various candidate gene polymorphisms in schizotypal traits and cognitive function are promising, further supporting a polygenic mode of inheritance. The implications of the findings, methodological issues, and suggestions for future research are discussed. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1–14)

Keywords

SchizotypyCognitive deficitsPrepulse inhibitionEndophenotypesSchizotypal personality disorderNeuropsychologyEarly intervention
Type
Critical Review
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 18 , Issue 4 , July 2012 , pp. 643 - 656
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2012

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