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Alternate but Do Not Swim: A Test for Executive Motor Dysfunction in Parkinson Disease

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 June 2011

Adam D. Falchook ,
Danilo Decio ,
John B. Williamson ,
Michael S. Okun ,
Irene A. Malaty ,
Ramon L. Rodriguez  and
Kenneth M. Heilman
Adam D. Falchook*
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida Department of Neurology, Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
Danilo Decio
Affiliation:
College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
John B. Williamson
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida Department of Neurology, Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
Michael S. Okun
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida Movement Disorders Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
Irene A. Malaty
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida Department of Neurology, Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida Movement Disorders Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
Ramon L. Rodriguez
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida Movement Disorders Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
Kenneth M. Heilman
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida Department of Neurology, Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida Movement Disorders Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida Center for Neuropsychological Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Adam Falchook, Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute at UF, 100 South Newell Drive, Room L3-100, PO Box 100236, Gainesville, FL 32610-0236. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

The objective of this study is to learn if participants with Parkinson disease (PD), when compared to normal controls, are impaired in making simultaneous but independent right and left hand movements. Participants were tested with Luria's Alternating Hand Postures (AHP) test and modified AHP tests. Twelve PD participants without dementia and twelve matched controls were assessed for their ability to perform the parallel AHP test (both hands remaining in the same coronal plane) and with modifications of this test into swimming (alternative arm extension with finger extension and arm flexion with finger flexion) and reverse swimming (alternative arm extension—finger flexion and arm flexion—finger extension) movements. The participants with PD were significantly impaired when performing the parallel and the reverse swimming movements AHP tests, but not impaired on the swimming movements AHP test. Swimming movements may be phylogenetically and ontogenetically more primitive and not as heavily dependent on frontal-basal ganglia networks; thus performance of swimming movements during the parallel AHP test may decrease this test's sensitivity. (JINS, 2011, 17, 702–708)

Keywords

Parkinson diseaseBimanual coordinationAntiphase movementsPremotorBasal gangliaCentral pattern generators
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 17 , Issue 4 , 21 June 2011 , pp. 702 - 708
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2011

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