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Characteristics of African Music*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 March 2019

Alan P. Merriam*
Affiliation:
North-western University, Evanston, Ill., U.S.A.
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Abstract

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Type
Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Conference. Liège, Belgium
Copyright
Copyright © International Council for Traditional Music 1959

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Footnotes

*

Abridged.

References

Notes

1. Varley, Douglas H., African Native Music: An annotated Bibliography (London: Royal Empire Society Bibliographies, No. 8, 1936)Google Scholar; Merriam, Alan P., “An Annotated Bibliography of African and African-Derived Music since 1936,” Africa, XXI (Oct., 1951), 319329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

2. See, for example, the characteristics of pygmy music. Yvette Grimaud, avec la collaboration de Rouget, Gilbert, Notes sur la Musique des Bochiman Comparée à celle des Pygmées Babinga (Harvard University: Peabody Museum, and Musee de l'Homme: Departement d'Ethnomusicologie, notes for 12 in. LP LD9, 1957), pp. 57 Google Scholar; Merriam, Alan P., Africa South of the Sahara (New York: Folkways Records and Service Corp., 1957, album notes for EFL album FE503), pp. 8-10.Google Scholar

3. Ward, W. E., “Music in the Gold Coast,” Gold Coast Review, III (July-Dec, 1927), p. 214.Google Scholar

4. Ibid., p. 217.

5. von Hornbostel, Erich M., “African Negro Music,” Africa, I (Jan., 1928), p. 26 (in reprint).Google Scholar

6. Loc. cit.

7. Blacking, John, “Some Notes on a Theory of African Rhythm Advanced by Erich M. von Hornbostel,” African Music, I (1955), pp. 1220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

8. Waterman, Richard A., “African Influence on the Music of the Americas,” in Tax, Sol (Ed.), Acculturation in the Americas (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, II, Proceedings of the 29th International Congress of Americanists), p. 212.Google Scholar

9. Ibid., pp. 211-212.

10. Jones, A. M., “African Rhythm,” Africa, XXIV (Jan., 1954), P. 27.Google Scholar

11. Ibid., p. 28.

12. Ibid., p. 39.

13. Loc. cit.

14. Ibid., p. 40.

15. Ibid., p. 39.

16. Ibid., p. 44.

17. Wachsmann, Klaus, “A Century of Change in the Folk Music of an African Tribe,” Journal of the International Folk Music Council, X (1958), pp. 5354.Google Scholar

18. Jones, A. M., African Music in Northern Rhodesia and Some Other Places (Livingstone: Rhodes Livingstone Museum, Occasional Papers, No. 4, 1949), p. 11.Google Scholar

19. Hornbostel, , op. cit., p. 18.Google Scholar

20. Waterman, , op. cit., pp. 213214.Google Scholar

21. Ibid., p. 213.

22. Loc. cit.

23. Jones, , “African Rhythm,” op. cit., p. 61.Google Scholar

24. Ward, , op. cit., p. 221.Google Scholar

25. Hornbostel, , op. cit., pp. 1718.Google Scholar

26. Hornbostel, , op. cit., p. 18 Google Scholar; Ward, , op. cit., pp. 206, 218Google Scholar; Jones, , African Music …, op. cit., p. 22 Google Scholar; Merriam, Alan P., “Yovu Songs from Ruanda,” Zaire, XI (Nov.-Dec, 1957), pp. 939940; 946-951.Google Scholar

27. Waterman, , op. cit., pp. 208209.Google Scholar

28. Hornbostel, , op. cit., pp. 1314.Google Scholar

29. Ward, , op. cit., pp. 212-13.Google Scholar

30. See, for example, Merriam, Alan P., Ekonda: Tribal Music of the Belgian Congo (New York: Riverside Records, 12 in. LP RLP4006, Sept., 1956), cover notes.Google Scholar

31. Ballanta-Taylor, N. G. J., cited by Ward, , op. cit., pp. 200201.Google Scholar

32. Phillips, Ekundayo, Yoruba Music (Johannesburg: African Music Society, 1953), passim. Google Scholar

33. Jones, , African Music …, op. cit., p. 10.Google Scholar

34. Jones, A. M., “Blue Notes and Hot Rhythm,” African Music Society Newsletter, I (June, 1951), p. 10.Google Scholar

35. Ward, , op. cit., pp. 200201.Google Scholar

36. Tracey, Hugh, Chopi Musicians: Their Music, Poetry and Instruments (London: Oxford University Press for the International African Institute, 1948), pp. 127128.Google Scholar

37. Jean-Noël Maquet, “La Musique chez les Bapende,” Problemes d'Afrique Centrale, 26 (Quatrième Trimestre, 1954), pp. 5, 10 (in reprint).

38. Waterman, , op. cit., p. 207.Google Scholar

39. Blacking, op. cit., passim.

40. Blacking, personal communication.

41. Mieczyslaw Kolinski, “Suriname Music,” in Melville J., and Herskovits, Frances S., Suriname Folklore (New York: Columbia University Press, 1936), pp. 498501.Google Scholar