Mr. John Finlaison's method of graduation (Journal, vol. xxi, page 50) deals with an irregularity, which, for convenience, may be assumed to be unity, in the following manner:—It diminishes the irregularity to a small fraction on its first appearance at one end of the formula; conducts it along the formula by easy stages, as over a double inclined plane; and dismisses it gently at the other end. The method has the advantage of simplicity in working and check, but it is correct to first differences only.

Mr. Woolhouse's method is correct to third differences, and the irregularity glides over a curve; but the application of the formula requires sustained attention.

The object of this paper is to combine the facility of the one method with the smoothness and correctness of the other.

Let S be the sum of nine numbers, u0 to u8, increasing by third differences,

the central term,

whence .