Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T23:18:51.542Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

THE “PLACE OF THE PHILLIPS CURVE” IN MACROECONOMETRIC MODELS: THE CASE OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD’S MODEL (1966–1980s)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 April 2022

Antonella Rancan*
Affiliation:
Antonella Rancan: University of Molise (Italy); e-mail: [email protected].

Abstract

In the article I examine how model builders from the academia and from the Federal Reserve Board confronted the Phillips curve in the construction and subsequent modifications of the Federal Reserve, MIT, and University of Pennsylvania macroeconometric model. It is argued that academic debates on Milton Friedman’s and Edmund Phelps’s accelerationist hypothesis, and the evolution of the macroeconomics discipline, did not affect the model-building agenda at the Division of Research and Statistics at the Board over the 1970s and 1980s.

Type
Articles
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the History of Economics Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

I wish to thank the Center for the History of Political Economy and the Fulbright research scholar fellowships that have given me the opportunity to spend a research period at the Center; and the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book Library staff for their kind helpfulness. I am grateful to participants in the HES 2019 meetings, in the 2018 SIE conference, and in the 2019 STOREP conference for their useful comments, and to James Forder for his valuable suggestions. I also thank Edward Nelson for his careful reading and stimulating and detailed comments. Referees’ suggestions have been important to improve my narrative and to clarify the content of the paper. The title is a quotation from Lipsey (1978): “The Place of the Phillips Curve in Macroeconomic Models.”

References

REFERENCES

Acosta, Juan, and Cherrier, Beatrice. 2021. “The Transformation of Economic Analysis at the Federal Reserve during the 1960s.” Journal of the History of Economic Thought 43 (3): 323349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersen, Leonall C., and Carlson, Keith M.. 1972. “An Econometric Analysis of the Relation of Monetary Variables to the Behavior of Prices and Unemployment.” In Eckstein, O., ed., The Econometrics of Price Determination. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, pp. 166183.Google Scholar
Ando, K. Albert. Undated. Notebook 1968–1969. Franco Modigliani Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Duke University, Writings and Speeches Series, Box RW 15.Google Scholar
Ando, K. Albert. 1968–1969. Reports and Memoranda on the FRB-MIT-Penn Model to the Federal Reserve Board of Governors. Franco Modigliani Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Duke University, Correspondence Series, Box CO1 and Writings and Speeches series, Box RW 15.Google Scholar
Ando, K. Albert. 1972. FRB-MPS Model. Franco Modigliani Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Duke University, Writings and Speeches Series, Box RW 14.Google Scholar
Ando, K. Albert. 1974. “Some Aspects of Stabilization Policies: The Monetarist Controversy.” International Economic Review 15 (3): 541571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ando, K. Albert. 1981. “On a Theoretical and Empirical Basis of Macroeconometric Models.” In Kmenta, J. and Ramsey, J., eds., Large-Scale Macro-Econometric Models. New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing, pp. 329367.Google Scholar
Ando, K. Albert, and Brayton, Flint. 1995. “Prices, Wages, and Employment in the US Economy: A Traditional Model and Tests of Some Alternatives.” In Cross, Rod, ed., Natural Rate of Unemployment: Reflections on 25 Years of the Hypothesis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 256298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ando, K. Albert, Brayton, Flint, and Kennichell, Arthur. 1991. “Reappraisal of the Phillips Curve and Direct Effects of Money Supply on Inflation.” Comparative Performance of U.S. Econometric Models. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 201226.Google Scholar
Ando, K. Albert, and Modigliani, Franco. 1969. “Econometric Analysis of Stabilization Policies.” American Economic Review 59 (2): 296314.Google Scholar
Anonymous. 1968. “A Preliminary Price-Wage Labor Sector for the FRB Model.” Franco Modigliani Papers, David M. Rubestein Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Duke University, Writings and Speeches Series, Box 13.Google Scholar
Backhouse, E. Roger, and Cherrier, Beatrice. 2019. “The Ordinary Business of Macroeconometric Modeling: Working on the Fed-MIT-Penn Model 1964–1974.” History of Political Economy 51 (3): 425448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blanchard, J. Oliver. 1984. “The Lucas Critique and the Volcker Deflation.” American Economic Review 74 (2): 211215.Google Scholar
Blanchard, J. Oliver. 2008. “Neoclassical Synthesis.” In Durlauf, Steven N. and Blume, Lawrence E., eds., The New Palgrave: Dictionary of Economics. Second edition. Volume 5. London: Macmillan Press Ltd, pp. 634637.Google Scholar
Blinder, Alan S. 1988. “The Fall and Rise of Keynesian Economics.” Economic Record 64 (4): 278294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boianovsky, Mauro. 2020. “The Brazilian Connection in Milton Friedman’s 1967 Presidential Address and 1976 Nobel Lecture.” History of Political Economy 52 (2): 367396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boumans, Marcel, and Duarte, Pedro G.. 2019. “The History of Macroeconometric Modeling: An Introduction.” History of Political Economy 51 (3): 391400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brayton, Flint, Levin, Andrew, Tryon, Ralph, and Williams, John C.. 1997. “The Evolution of Macro Models at the Federal Reserve Board.” https://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/feds/1997/199729/199729pap.pdf, pp. 142. Accessed January 4, 2022.Google Scholar
Brayton, Flint, and Mauskopf, Eileen. 1985. “The Federal Reserve Board MPS Quarterly Econometric Model of the US Economy.” Economic Modelling 2 (3): 170292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brayton, Flint, and Mauskopf, Eileen. 1987. “Structures and Uses of the MPS Quarterly Econometric Model of the United States.” Federal Reserve Bulletin 93: 93109.Google Scholar
Cooper, J. Phillip. 1974. Development of the Monetary Sector, Prediction and Policy Analysis in the FRB-MIT Penn Model. Lanham: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
de Leeuw, Frank, and Gramlich, Edward M.. 1968. “The Federal Reserve–MIT Econometric Model.” Federal Reserve Bulletin (January): 1140.Google Scholar
de Menil, George. 1969. “Determinants of Aggregate Wage Level.” Franco Modigliani Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Duke University, Writings and Speeches Series, Box RW 14.Google Scholar
de Menil, George, and Enzler, Jared J.. 1972. “Prices and Wages in the FR-MIT-Penn Econometric Model.” In The Econometrics of Price Determination Conference, Oct. 30–31 1970 Washington D.C. Publications Services, Divisions of Administrative Services, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, pp. 277308.Google Scholar
De Vroey, Michel, and Duarte, Pedro G.. 2013. “In Search of Lost Time: The Neoclassical Synthesis.” B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics 13 (1): 965995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Di Cecio, Riccardo, and Nelson, Edward. 2013. “The Great Inflation in the United States and the United Kingdom: Reconciling Policy Decisions and Data Outcomes.” In Bordo, M. and Orphanides, A., eds., The Rebirth of Modern Central Banking. NBER. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 393438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eckstein, Otto, ed. 1972. The Econometrics of Prices Determination. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.Google Scholar
Fischer, Stanley. 1987. “1944, 1963 and 1985.” In Dornbusch, Rudi, Fischer, Stanley, and Bossons, John, eds., Macroeconomics and Finance: Essays in Honor of Franco Modigliani. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 227256.Google Scholar
Fischer, Stanley. 1988. “Recent Developments in Macroeconomics.” Economic Journal 98 (391): 294399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forder, James. 2010. “Friedman’s Nobel Lecture and the Phillips Curve Myth.” Journal of the History of Economic Thought 32 (3): 329348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forder, James. 2014. “Macroeconomics and the Phillips Curve Myth. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forder, James. 2018. “What Was the Message of Friedman’s Presidential Address to the American Economic Association?Cambridge Journal of Economics 42 (2): 523541.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedman, Milton. 1965. “The Lessons of US Monetary History and Their Bearing with Current Monetary Policy.” Franco Modigliani Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Duke University, Professional Service Series, Box PS1.Google Scholar
Friedman, Milton. 1966. “Current Monetary Policy.” Franco Modigliani Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Duke University, Professional Service Series, Box PS1.Google Scholar
Friedman, Milton. 1968a. “The Role of Monetary Policy.” American Economic Review 58 (1): 117.Google Scholar
Friedman, Milton. 1968b. Dollars and Deficits: Inflation, Monetary Policy and the Balance of Payments. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Friedman, Milton.1971. “Monetary Aggregates and Monetary Policy.” Franco Modigliani Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Duke University, Professional Service Series, Box PS1.Google Scholar
Friedman, Milton, and Schwartz, Anna J.. 1963. A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Goodfriend, Marvin and King, Robert G.. 1997. “The New Neoclassical Synthesis and the Role of Monetary Policy.” NBER Macroeconomics Annual 12: 231296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gordon, Robert J. 1970. “Discussion Paper for the November 20 Federal Reserve Consultant Meeting. Large Scale Econometric Models, Policy Multipliers, and the Problem of Forecasting.” Franco Modigliani Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Duke University, Professional Service Series, Box PS2.Google Scholar
Gordon, Robert J. 1971. “Steady Anticipated Inflation: Mirage or Oasis?Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 2: 499510.10.2307/2534235CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gordon, Robert J. 1972. “The Inflation and Unemployment Dilemma.” Franco Modigliani Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Duke University, Professional Service Series, Box PS 2.Google Scholar
Gordon, Robert J. 1976. “Comments on Modigliani and Ando.” In Stein, Jerome L., ed., Monetarism. Studies in Monetary Economics. Volume I. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing, pp. 5266.Google Scholar
Gordon, Robert J. 2011. “The History of the Phillips Curve: Consensus and Bifurcation.” Economica 78 (309): 1050.10.1111/j.1468-0335.2009.00815.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goutsmedt, Aurélien, Pinzón-Fuchs, Erich, Renault, Matthieu, and Sergi, Francesco. 2018. “Criticizing the Lucas Critique: Macroeconometricans’ Response to Robert Lucas.” https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2837766, pp. 146; accessed February 2018.Google Scholar
Goutsmedt, Aurélien, Pinzón-Fuchs, Erich, Renault, Matthieu, and Sergi, Francesco. 2019. “Reacting to the Lucas Critique: The Keynesians’ Replies.” History of Political Economy 51 (3): 535556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goutsmedt, Aurélien, and Rubin, Goulven. 2018. “Robert J. Gordon and the Introduction of the Natural Rate Hypothesis in the Keynesian Framework,” edited by Sylvie Rivot and Robert W. Dimand. Special issue, History of Economic Ideas 26 (3): 157187.Google Scholar
Gramlich, M. Edward. 2004. “Remarks by Governor Edward M. Gramlich at the Federal Reserve Board Models and Monetary Policy Conference, Washington, D.C., March 26, 2004.” https://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/speeches/2004/20040326/default.htm. Accessed March 25, 2022.Google Scholar
Gramlich, Edward M., and Jaffee, Dwight M.. 1972. Savings, Deposits, Mortage, and Housing: Studies for the Federal Reserve-MIT-Penn Economic Model. Lanham: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Gramlich, Edward M., and Pierce, James L.. 1970. “Do Large-Scale Macro-Econometric Models Have a Keynesian Bias?” Federal Reserve System Financial Analysis Committee. Edward Gramlich Papers, Bentley Historical Library, Michigan University, Box 1, pp. 124.Google Scholar
Hall, E. Robert. 1976. “Notes on the Current State of Empirical Macroeconomics.” https://web.stanford.edu/~rehall/NotesCurrentStateEmpirical1976.pdf?source=post_page, pp. 17. Accessed February 4, 2022.Google Scholar
Hall, E. Robert, and Sargent, Thomas J.. 2018. “Short- and Long-Run Effects of Milton Friedman’s Presidential Address.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 32 (1): 121134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holland, Robert. 1994. “Interview of Robert Holland Conducted by Robert L. Hetzel.” Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis July 13, Robert Hetzel Oral History Collection. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/archival-collection/robert-hetzel-oral-history-collection-4927/robert-c-holland-interview-501750/content/pdf/holland_r_19940713, pp. 154. Accessed March 25, 2022.Google Scholar
King, Robert G. 2008. “The Phillips Curve and U.S. Macroeconomic Policy: Snapshots, 1958–1996.” Economic Quarterly 94 (4): 311359.Google Scholar
Klein, R. Lawrence. 2006. Long-Run Growth and Short-Run Stabilization: Essays in Memory of Albert Ando. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipsey, G. Richard. 1978. “The Place of the Phillips Curve in Macroeconomic Models.” In Bergstrom, A. R., ed., Stability and Inflation. Chichester: John Wiley & Son, pp. 4976.Google Scholar
Lucas, Robert E. 1972. “Econometric Testing of the Natural Rate Hypothesis.” In Eckstein, O., ed., The Econometrics of Price Determination. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, pp. 5059.Google Scholar
Lucas, Robert E. and Sargent, Thomas J., eds. 1978. After the Phillips Curve: Persistence of High Inflation and High Unemployment. Boston: Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.Google Scholar
Lucas, Robert E. and Sargent, Thomas J., eds. 1981. Rational Expectations and Econometric Practice. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Mankiw, Gregory. 1990. “A Quick Refresher Course in Macroeconomics.” Journal of Economic Literature 28 (Dec.): 16451660.Google Scholar
Mankiw, Gregory, and Reis, Ricardo. 2018. “Friedman’s Presidential Address in the Evolution of Macroeconomic Thought.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 32 (1): 8196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meade, Ellen E., and Thornton, David L.. 2012. “The Phillips Curve and US Monetary Policy: What the FOMC Transcripts Tell Us.” Oxford Economic Papers 64 (2): 197216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Modigliani, Franco. 1963. “The Monetary Mechanism and Its Interaction with Real Phenomena.” Review of Economics and Statistics 45, 1 (Part 2, Suppl.): 79107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Modigliani, Franco. 1966. “Outline of Proposal Research Project on the Links between Monetary Policy and Aggregate Demand.” Paper presented to the members of the Subcommittee on the Monetary Mechanism of the Social Science Research Council Committee on Economic Stabilization. Bank of Italy Historical Archive, pp. 17.Google Scholar
Modigliani, Franco. 1968. “Econometric Models of Stabilization Policies.” Paper presented to the Third Far Eastern Meeting of the Econometric society, June 27, 1968. Franco Modigliani Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Duke University, Box RW 15, pp. 145.Google Scholar
Modigliani, Franco. 1975a. “Monetary Policy for 1975.” Franco Modigliani Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Duke University, Professional Service Series, Box PS2.Google Scholar
Modigliani, Franco. 1975b. “The Channels of Monetary Policy in the Federal Reserve-MIT-University of Pennsylvania Econometric Model of the United States.” In G. A. Renton, ed., Modelling the Economy, Social Science Research Council’s Conference on Economic Modelling, July 1972. London: Heinemann Educational Book, pp. 240267.Google Scholar
Modigliani, Franco. 1977. “The Monetarists Controversy or, Should We Forsake Stabilization Policies?American Economic Review 67 (2): 119.Google Scholar
Modigliani, Franco. 1986. Raffaele Mattioli Lectures: The Debate over Stabilization Policies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Modigliani, Franco. 2001. Adventures of an Economist. New York, London: Texere.Google Scholar
Modigliani, Franco, and Papademos, Lucas. 1975. “Targets for Monetary Policy in the Coming Year.” Brooking Papers on Economic Activity 1: 141165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Modigliani, Franco, and Tarantelli, Ezio. 1973. “A Generalization of the Phillips Curve for a Developing Country.” Review of Economic Studies 40 (2): 203223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nelson, Edward. 2005. “The Great Inflation of the Seventies: What Really Happened?Advance in Macroeconomics 5 (1): 150.Google Scholar
Okun, Arthur M. 1980. “Rational Expectations with Misperceptions as a Theory of the Business Cycle.” Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 12, 4 (Part 2): 817821.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orphanides, Athanasios. 2003. “The Quest for Prosperity without Inflation.” Journal of Monetary Economics 50 (3): 633663.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perry, George. 1966. Unemployment, Money Wage Rates, and Inflation. Cambridge, MA: M.I.T. Press.Google Scholar
Perry, George. 1970. “Changing Labor Markets and Inflation.” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 3: 411441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, A. William. 1958. “The Relation Between Unemployment and the Rate of Change of Money Wage Rates in the United Kingdom, 1861–1857.” Economica 25 (100): 283289.Google Scholar
Pierce, James. 1975. “Discussion.” In F. Modigliani and L. Papademos, “Targets for Monetary Policy in the Coming Year.” Brooking Papers on Economic Activity 1: 163.Google Scholar
Pierce, James. 1995. “Interview of James Pierce Conducted by Robert L. Hetzel.” Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, April 27. Robert Hetzel Oral History Collection. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/archival/4927/item/501773/content/pdf/pierce_j_19950427, pp. 140. Accessed February 4, 2022.Google Scholar
Pierce, James, and Enzler, Jared J.. 1974. “The Effects of External Inflationary Shocks.” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1: 1361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phelps, Edmund S. 1967. “Phillips Curves, Expectations of Inflation and Optimal Unemployment over Time.” Economica 34 (135): 254281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qin, Duo. 2011. “The Phillips Curve from the Perspective of the History of Econometrics.” History of Political Economy 43 (suppl.): 283308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rancan, Antonella. 2019. “Empirical Macroeconomics in a Policy Context: The Fed-MIT-Penn versus the St. Louis Model (1965–1975).” History of Political Economy 51 (3): 449470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rancan, Antonella. 2020. “From Dynamics to Stabilization: Albert Ando and Franco Modigliani’s Contributions to Economic Growth and Fluctuations (1959–1970).” European Journal of the History of Economic Thought 27 (4): 129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Romer, Christina D., and Romer, David H.. 2004. “Choosing the Federal Reserve Chair: Lessons from History.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 18 (1): 129162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santomero, M. Anthony, and Seater, John J.. 1978. “The Inflation and Unemployment Trade-Off: A Critique of the Literature.” Journal of Economic Literature 16 (2): 499544.Google Scholar
Simler, J. Norman, and Tella, Alfred. 1968. “Labor Reserves and the Phillips Curve.” Review of Economics and Statistics 50 (1): 3249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snowdon, Brian, and Vane, Howard R.. 2005. Modern Macroeconomics: Its Origin, Development and Current State. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Solow, M. Robert. 1976. “Down the Phillips Curve with Gun and Camera.” In Belsley, David A., Solow, Robert M., Kane, Edward J., and Samuelson, Paul A., eds., Inflation, Trade, and Taxes: Essays in Honor of Alice Bourneuf. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, pp. 322.Google Scholar
Szenberg, Michael, and Ramrattan, Lall. 2008. Franco Modigliani: A Mind that Never Rests. Basingstoke, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tella, Alfred, and Tinsley, Peter A.. 1968. The Labor Market and Potential Output of the FRB-MIT Model: A Preliminary Report . Study Summary. Federal Reserve Bulletin 54 (8): 669670.Google Scholar
Tobin, James. 1972. “The Wage-Price Mechanism: Overview of the Conference.” In Eckstein, O., ed., The Econometrics of Price Determination. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, pp. 715.Google Scholar
Visco, Ignazio. 2005. “From Theory to Practice in Macroeconometric Models: Post-Keynesian Eclecticism.” In “Franco Modigliani between Economic Theory and Social Commitment.” BNL Quarterly Review LVIII (233–234): 6790.Google Scholar