Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T21:37:28.389Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

HARRY JOHNSON ON THE PHILLIPS CURVE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 October 2017

James Forder*
Affiliation:
Balliol College, Oxford.

Abstract

It is noted that Harry G. Johnson was widely admired for his broad knowledge of economics, and particularly for the excellence and synthesizing quality of much of his writing. His discussions of the Phillips curve and related matters are considered. It is found that they are brief, inaccurate, and inconsistent. It is clear that, despite his reputation, they should not be treated as authoritative. It is further suggested that rather than supposing that Johnson’s knowledge and capabilities have been grossly exaggerated, it may be better to conclude that the Phillips curve was not nearly so important in the literature of the 1960s and 1970s as has been supposed.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The History of Economics Society 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Backhouse, Roger, and Forder, James. 2013. “Rationalizing Incomes Policy in Britain, 1948–1979.” History of Economic Thought and Policy 1: 1735.Google Scholar
Backhouse, Roger, and Middleton, Roger. 2000. “Introducing Exemplary Economists.” In Backhouse, R. E. and Middleton, R., eds., Exemplary Economists. Volume 1. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. ix–xxiii.Google Scholar
Bank of Canada. 1958. Annual Report of the Governor to the Minister of Finance. Ottawa: Bank of Canada.Google Scholar
Beggs, Michael. 2015. Inflation and the Making of Macroeconomic Policy in Australia, 1945–85. Basingstoke: Palgrave.Google Scholar
Bélanger, Marcel. 1970. “The Coyne Affair: Analysis and Evaluation.” MA diss. University of Ottawa, Ottawa.Google Scholar
Bhagwati, Jagdish. 1977. “Harry G Johnson.” Journal of International Economics 7 (3): 221229.Google Scholar
Blyth, Conrad. 1975. “A W H Phillips.” Economic Record 51 (135): 303307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowen, William. 1960. Wage Behavior in the Postwar Period. Princeton: Industrial Relations Section, Department of Economics, Princeton University.Google Scholar
Boyer, Russell. 2011. “Johnson’s Conversion from Keynesianism at Chicago.” In Arnon, A., Weinblatt, J., and Young, W., eds., Perspectives on Keynesian Economics. Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 135162.Google Scholar
Cagan, Phillip. 1968. “Theories of Mild, Continuing Inflation: A Critique and Extension.” In Rousseas, S. W., ed., Inflation: Its Causes, Consequences, and Control. Wilton, CT: Calvin K Kazanjian Economics Foundation, pp. 3048.Google Scholar
Corden, Max. 2004. “Johnson, Harry Gordon (1923–1977).” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Article 31290. Online. http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/31290?docPos=1. Accessed 23 August 2017.Google Scholar
Corry, Bernard, and Laidler, David. 1967. “The Phillips Relation: A Theoretical Explanation.” Economica 34 (134): 189197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Courchene, Thomas. 1978. “Harry Johnson: Macroeconomist.” Canadian Journal of Economics 11 (Supplement): S11S33.Google Scholar
Dewald, William, and Johnson, Harry. 1963. “An Objective Analysis of the Objectives of American Monetary Policy, 1952–1961.” In Carson, D., ed., Banking and Monetary Studies. New York: Richard D. Irwin, pp. 171189.Google Scholar
Dimand, Robert. 2001. “Harry G Johnson as a Chronicler of the Keynesian Revolution.” American Journal of Economics and Sociology 60 (3): 667691.Google Scholar
Donner, Arthur, and McCollum, James. 1972. “The Phillips Curve: An Historical Note.” Economica 155 (39): 323324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisher, Irving. 1926. “A Statistical Relation between Unemployment and Price Changes.” International Labour Review XIII (6): 785792.Google Scholar
Flanagan, Robert J., Soskice, David, and Ulman, Lloyd. 1983. Unionism, Economic Stabilization and Incomes Policies: European Experience. Washington, DC: Brookings.Google Scholar
Forder, James. 2014. Macroeconomics and the Phillips Curve Myth. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Forder, James. 2015. “Textbooks on the Phillips Curve.” History of Political Economy 47 (2): 207240.Google Scholar
Forder, James. 2016. “A Neglected Inconsistency in Milton Friedman’s AEA Presidential Address.” Journal of the History of Economic Thought 38 (1): 105112.Google Scholar
Forder, James. Forthcoming. “What Was the Message of Friedman’s Presidential Address to the American Economic Association?” Cambridge Journal of Economics.Google Scholar
Frenkel, Jacob. 2008. “Johnson, Harry Gordon (1923–1977).” In Durlauf, S. N. and Blume, L. E., eds., The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Online. www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_J000019. Accessed 22 August 2017.Google Scholar
Friedman, Milton. 1968. “The Role of Monetary Policy.” American Economic Review 58 (1): 117.Google Scholar
Friedman, Milton. 1970. “A Theoretical Framework for Monetary Analysis.” Journal of Political Economy 78 (2): 193238.Google Scholar
Friedman, Milton, and Meiselman, David. 1963. “The Relative Stability of Monetary Velocity and the Investment Multiplier in the United States, 1897–1958.” In Stabilization Policies. Englewood Cliffs: Commission on Money and Credit/Prentice Hall, pp. 165268.Google Scholar
Goodwin, Craufurd D. 1975. Exhortation and Controls: The Search for a Wage-Price Policy. Washington, DC: Brookings.Google Scholar
Gordon, Robert James. 1970. “The Recent Acceleration of Inflation and Its Lessons for the Future.” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1: 841.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gordon, Robert James. 1971. “Inflation in Recession and Recovery.” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1: 105158.Google Scholar
Gordon, Robert James, Johnson, Harry, and Stigler, George. 1973. “I Discovered the Phillips Curve.” Journal of Political Economy 81 (2): 496502.Google Scholar
Gordon, Scott. 1961. The Economists versus the Bank of Canada. Toronto: Ryerson Press.Google Scholar
Hines, Albert G. 1968. “Unemployment and the Rate of Change of Money Wages in the United Kingdom, 1862–1963.” Review of Economics and Statistics 50 (1): 6067.Google Scholar
Johnson, Harry. 1956. “The Revival of Monetary Policy in Great Britain.” Three Banks Review 30: 320.Google Scholar
Johnson, Harry. 1958. “Two Schools of Thought on Wage Inflation.” Scottish Journal of Political Economy 5 (2): 149153.Google Scholar
Johnson, Harry. 1961. “The ‘General Theory’ after 25 Years.” American Economic Review 51 (2): 117.Google Scholar
Johnson, Harry. 1962a. “Monetary Theory and Policy.” American Economic Review 52 (3): 335384.Google Scholar
Johnson, Harry. 1962b. “The General Theory after Twenty-Five Years. Revised Version.” In Johnson, H. G., ed., Money, Trade and Economic Growth: Survey Lectures in Economic Theory. London: Allen and Unwin, pp. 126147.Google Scholar
Johnson, Harry. 1963a. “A Survey of Theories of Inflation.” Indian Economic Review 6 (3): 2869.Google Scholar
Johnson, Harry. 1963b. “Recent Developments in Monetary Theory.” Indian Economic Review 6 (4): 128.Google Scholar
Johnson, Harry. 1968a. “Canadian Contributions to the Discipline of Economics since 1945.” Canadian Journal of Economics 1 (1): 129146.Google Scholar
Johnson, Harry. 1968b. “Problems of Efficiency in Monetary Management.” Journal of Political Economy 76 (5): 971990.Google Scholar
Johnson, Harry. 1970a. “Recent Developments in Monetary Theory—A Commentary.” In Croome, D. R. and Johnson, H. G., eds., Money in Britain 1959–1969. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 83114.Google Scholar
Johnson, Harry. 1970b. “Monetary Theory and Monetary Policy.” Euromoney 2 (7): 1620.Google Scholar
Johnson, Harry. 1971a. Macroeconomics and Monetary Theory. London: Gray-Mills.Google Scholar
Johnson, Harry. 1971b. “Introduction.” In Johnson, H. G. and Nobay, A. R., eds., The Current Inflation. London: Macmillan, pp. vii–xi.Google Scholar
Johnson, Harry. 1971c. “The Keynesian Revolution and the Monetarist Counter-Revolution.” American Economic Review 61 (2): 114.Google Scholar
Johnson, Harry. 1972. Inflation and the Monetarist Controversy. Professor Dr F De Vries Lectures. Amsterdam: North Holland.Google Scholar
Johnson, Harry. 1974. “Some Comments on Inflation Theory.” In Mundell, R. A. and van Snellenberg, B. E., eds., Policy Formation in an Open Economy. Volume 1. Waterloo, ON: University of Waterloo, pp. 145151.Google Scholar
Johnson, Harry. 1976. “Keynes’s General Theory: Revolution or War of Independence?” Canadian Journal of Economics 9 (4): 580594.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laidler, David. 1984. “Harry Johnson as a Macroeconomist.” Journal of Political Economy 92 (4): 592615.Google Scholar
Laidler, David. 1997. “The Emergence of the Phillips Curve as a Policy Menu.” In Eaton, B. C. and Harris, R. G., eds., Trade, Technology and Economics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 88106.Google Scholar
Laidler, David. 2015. “Three Revolutions in Macroeconomics: Their Nature and Influence.” European Journal of the History of Economic Thought 22 (1): 125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipsey, Richard. 1960. “The Relation between Unemployment and the Rate of Change of Money Wage Rates in the United Kingdom, 1882–1957: A Further Analysis.” Economica 27 (105): 131.Google Scholar
Lipsey, Richard. 2016. “The Phillips Curve and an Assumed Unique Macroeconomic Equilibrium in Historical Context.” Journal of the History of Economic Thought 38 (4): 415429.Google Scholar
Lipsey, Richard, and Parkin, Michael. 1970. “Incomes Policy: A Reappraisal.” Economica 37 (146): 115138.Google Scholar
Longawa, Vicky. 1984. “Harry G. Johnson: A Bibliography.” Journal of Political Economy 92 (4): 659711.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lucas, Robert, and Rapping, Leonard. 1969. “Price Expectations and the Phillips Curve.” American Economic Review 59 (3): 342350.Google Scholar
Middleton, Roger. 1998. Charlatans or Saviours. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Moggridge, Donald. 2008. Harry Johnson: A Life in Economics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Nobay, Robert, and Johnson, Harry. 1977. “Monetarism: Historic-Theoretic Perspective.” Journal of Economic Literature 15 (2): 470485.Google Scholar
Oppenheimer, Peter. 1980. “Editor’s Introduction.” Issues in International Economics. Stocksfield: Routledge & Kegan Paul, pp. xi–xix.Google Scholar
Perry, George. 1970. “Changing Labor Markets and Inflation.” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 3: 411448.Google Scholar
Phelps, Edmund. 1967. “Phillips Curves, Expectations of Inflation and Optimal Unemployment over Time.” Economica 34 (135): 254281.Google Scholar
Phelps Brown, Ernest H., and Hopkins, Sheila V.. 1950. “The Course of Wage-Rates in Five Countries, 1860–1939.” Oxford Economic Papers 2 (2): 226296.Google Scholar
Phelps Brown, Ernest H., and Hopkins, Sheila V.. 1955. “Seven Centuries of the Prices of Consumables, Compared with Builders’ Wage-Rates.” Economica XXIII (92): 296314.Google Scholar
Phillips, Alban William Housego. 1958. “The Relation between Unemployment and the Rate of Change of Money Wage Rates in the United Kingdom, 1861–1957.” Economica 25 (100): 283299.Google Scholar
Pope, Alexander. 1711. Essay on Criticism. London: W Lewis.Google Scholar
Porter, Dana. 1964. Report of the Royal Commission on Banking and Finance. Ottawa: The Queen’s Printer.Google Scholar
Rees, Albert. 1970. “The Phillips Curve as a Menu for Policy Choice.” Economica 37 (147): 227238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reuber, Grant. 1962. The Objectives of Monetary Policy. Working Paper Prepared for the Royal Commission on Banking and Finance. Ottawa: The Queen’s Printer.Google Scholar
Reuber, Grant. 1964. “The Objectives of Canadian Monetary Policy, 1949–1961: Empirical ‘Trade-Offs’ and the Reaction Function of the Authorities.” Journal of Political Economy 72 (2): 109132.Google Scholar
Rivot, Sylvie. 2015. “Rule-Based Frameworks in Historical Perspective: Keynes’ and Friedman’s Monetary Policies versus Contemporary Policy-Rules.” European Journal of the History of Economic Thought 22 (4): 601633.Google Scholar
Rivot, Sylvie. 2016. “Patinkin as a Reader of Keynes’ General Theory: Are Wage Cuts a Good Remedy to Unemployment?” European Journal of the History of Economic Thought 23 (6): 10011031.Google Scholar
Rousseas, Stephen, ed. 1968. Inflation: Its Causes, Consequences, and Control. Wilton, CT: Calvin C Kazanjian Economics Foundation.Google Scholar
Samuelson, Paul. 1961. Economics. Fifth edition. New York: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar
Samuelson, Paul, and Solow, Robert. 1960. “Analytical Aspects of Anti-inflation Policy.” American Economic Review 50 (2): 177194.Google Scholar
Schultze, Charles. 1959. “Recent Inflation in the United States.” In Study of Employment, Growth and Price Levels. Joint Economic Committee, US Congress, Sept 1959. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, pp. 1137.Google Scholar
Schwarzer, Johannes. 2014. “Growth as an Objective of Economic Policy in the Early 1960s: The Role of Aggregate Demand.” Cahiers d’économie politique 67: 175206.Google Scholar
Scott, Robert, and McKean, John. 1964. “A ‘Cross-Section’ Look at Employment, Growth, and Inflation.” Economic Inquiry 3 (1): 16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, David. 1968. “Incomes Policy.” In Caves, R. and Krause, L. B., eds., Britain’s Economic Prospects. Washington, DC: Brookings, pp. 104146.Google Scholar
Solow, Robert. 1968. “Recent Controversy on the Theory of Inflation: An Eclectic View.” In Rousseas, S. W., ed., Inflation: Its Causes, Consequences, and Control. Wilton, CT: Calvin K Kazanjian Economics Foundation, pp. 216.Google Scholar
Solow, Robert. 1969. Price Expectations and the Behaviour of the Price Level. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Takami, Norikazu. 2015. “The Baffling New Inflation: How Cost-Push Inflation Theories Influence Policy Debate in the Late-1950s United States.” History of Political Economy 47 (4): 605629.Google Scholar
Tobin, James. 1968. “Comment on Cagan.” In Rousseas, S. W., ed., Inflation: Its Causes, Consequences, and Control. Wilton, CT: Calvin K Kazanjian Economics Foundation, pp. 4853.Google Scholar
Tobin, James. 1978. “Harry Gordon Johnson, 1923–77.” Proceedings of the British Academy 63: 443458.Google Scholar
Wallis, Kenneth. 1971. “Wages, Prices and Incomes Policies: Some Comments.” Economica 38 (151): 304310.Google Scholar