1 Ronald Mann, “Opinion Analysis: Justices Toe Hard Line in Affirming Reservation Status for Eastern Oklahoma,” https://www.scotusblog.com/2020/07/opinion-analysis-justices-toe-hard-line-in-affirming-reservation-status-for-eastern-oklahoma/ (accessed Dec. 5, 2020).

2 McGirt v. Oklahoma, https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/19pdf/18-9526_9okb.pdf (accessed Aug. 9, 2020).

3 Indian Appropriations Act, http://recordsofrights.org/records/285/indian-appropriations-act (accessed Aug. 8, 2020).

4 Bruyneel, Kevin, The Third Space of Sovereignty: The Postcolonial Politics of U.S.-Indigenous Relations, (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2007), 40–41.Google Scholar

5 Bruyneel, The Third Space of Sovereignty, 76. See also Wunder, John R., “No More Treaties: The Resolution of 1871 and the Alteration of Indian Rights to Their Homelands” in Working the Range: Essays on the History of Western Land Management and the Environment (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1985), 40.Google Scholar

6 See Kevin Gover, “Nation to Nation: Treaties Between the United States and American Indian Nations,” https://www.americanindianmagazine.org/story/nation-nation-treaties-between-united-states-and-american-indian-nations (accessed Dec. 2, 2020).

7 Donald L. Fixico, Indian Treaties in the United States: An Encyclopedia and Documents Collection (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2018). The Indigenous Digital Archive (IDA) launched an excellent website that puts in one place all of the 374 “Ratified Indian Treaties.” See “IDA Treaties Explorer,” https://digitreaties.org/ (accessed Dec. 2, 2020). See also National Archives, “Native American Heritage: American Indian Treaties,” https://www.archives.gov/research/native-americans/treaties (accessed Dec. 2, 2020).

8 For a fascinating recent look at the Land-Grant College Act, see Tristian Ahtone, “Land-Grab Universities” (Mar. 30, 2020), https://pulitzercenter.org/reporting/land-grab-universities (accessed Apr. 16, 2020).

9 Mark G. Hirsch, “1871: The End of Indian Treaty-Making,” https://www.americanindianmagazine.org/story/1871-end-indian-treaty-making (accessed Jan. 15, 2020).

10 Trafzer, Clifford E., American Indians/American Presidents: A History (New York: Harper, 2009), 102–3.Google Scholar

11 Genetin-Pilawa, C. Joseph, Crooked Paths to Allotment: The Fight over Federal Indian Policy after the Civil War (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012), 94, but also see 17, 73, 94–95.Google Scholar

12 Prucha, Francis Paul, American Indian Treaties: The History of a Political Anomaly (1994; Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), 312.Google Scholar

13 See also “Executive Orders Relating to Indian Reserves, from May 14, 1955, to July 1, 1902,” http://lcweb2.loc.gov/service/gdc/scd0001/2012/20120509002ex/20120509002ex.pdf (accessed July 12, 2020); Prucha, American Indian Treaties, 312.

14 Wolfe, Patrick, Traces of History: Elementary Structures of Race (London: Verso, 2016), 183, fn. 38.Google Scholar

15 Deloria, Vine Jr. and DeMallie, Raymond J., “The End of Treaty Making” in Documents of American Indian Diplomacy: Treaties, Agreements, and Conventions, 1775–1979, vol. 1 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999), 233–48.Google Scholar

16 Bruyneel, The Third Space of Sovereignty, 66.

17 McConnell, Janet A., The Dispossession of the American Indian, 1887–1934 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991), 121.Google Scholar

18 Genetin-Pilawa, Crooked Paths to Allotment, 25.

19 Prucha, American Indian Treaties, 288.

20 Rebecca Nagle, “This Land” podcast, https://crooked.com/podcast-series/this-land/ (accessed Sep. 4, 2020).

21 Debra Utacia Krol, “Supreme Court Ruling Expanded Tribal Land. What Does That Mean for Arizona?,” https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/arizona/2020/07/11/supreme-court-ruling-expanded-tribal-land-what-does-mean-arizona/5410782002/ (accessed July 11, 2020). See also Savannah Maher, “Rethinking the Wind River Reservation,” https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2020/09/03/wind-river-reservation (accessed Sept. 3, 2020).