¹ See Benjamin, Anne M., A History of the Anti-Suffrage Movement in the United States from 1895 to 1920 (Lewiston, NY, 1991)Google Scholar; Camhi, Jane Jerome, Women against Women: American Anti-Suffragism, 1880–1920 (Brooklyn, 1994)Google Scholar; Jablonsky, Thomas J., The Home, Heaven, and Mother Party: Female Anti-Suffragists in the United States, 1868–1920 (Brooklyn, 1994)Google Scholar; Marshall, Susan E., Splintered Sisterhood: Gender and Class in the Campaign against Woman Suffrage (Madison, WI, 1997)Google Scholar; Green, Elna C., Southern Strategies: Southern Women and the Woman Suffrage Question (Chapel Hill, 1997)Google Scholar; and an important dissertation, James J. Kenneally, “The Opposition to Woman Suffrage in Massachusetts” (PhD diss., Boston College, 1963). Articles include Stevenson, Louise L., “Women Anti-Suffragists in the 1915 Massachusetts Campaign,” New England Quarterly 52 (Mar. 1979): 80–93CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Daniels, Doris, “Building a Winning Coalition: The Suffrage Fight in New York State,” New York History, 60 (Jan. 1979): 58–80Google Scholar; Maddux, Kristy, “When Patriots Protest: The Anti-Suffrage Discursive Transformation of 1917,” Rhetoric and Public Affairs 7 (Fall 2004): 283–310CrossRefGoogle Scholar.