² The classic in memorial excess, the Vittoriano, appears in the center of Rome with the gigantic man-on-horseback statue of King Vittorio Emanuele II which celebrates Italy's unity. Even the Dutch East India Company's exterminationist governor general Jan Pieterzon Coen rates a statue in his hometown of Hoorn, the Netherlands. “Butcher” Weyler of reconcentration camps fame is memorialized with a Plaza in the Canary Islands.

³ Dalton, Kathleen, “Why America Loved Teddy Roosevelt: Or Charisma Is in the Eyes of the Beholders,” in Our Selves / Our Past: Psychological Approaches to American History, ed. Brugger, Robert J. (Baltimore, 1981), 269–91.Google Scholar

⁴ The sources that eventually shaped my interpretation of TR in the context of reform history were: Burnham, John C., Bad Habits: Drinking, Smoking, Taking Drugs, Gambling, Sexual Misbehavior, and Swearing in American History (New York, 1993)Google Scholar; Baker, Paula, “The Domestication of Politics: Women and American Political Society, 1780-1920,” American Historical Review 89 (June 1984): 620–47;CrossRefGoogle ScholarFitzpatrick, Ellen, Endless Crusade: Women Social Scientists and Progressive Reform (New York, 1990)Google Scholar; Dye, Nancy Schrom, As Equals and Sisters: Feminism, the Labor Movement, and the Women's Trade Union League of New York (Columbia, MO, 1980)Google Scholar; Davis, Allen F., American Heroine: The Life and Legend of Jane Addams (New York, 1973)Google Scholar; Davis, Allen F., “The Social Workers and the Progressive Party 1912-1916,” American Historical Review 69 (April 1964): 671–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Davis, Allen F., Spearheads for Reform: The Social Settlements and the Progressive Movement, 1890-1914 (New York, 1967)Google Scholar; Levine, Daniel, Poverty and Society: The Growth of the American Welfare State in International Comparison (New Brunswick, NJ), 1988)Google Scholar; Gilfoyle, Timothy J., City of Eros: New York City, Prostitution, and the Commercialization of Sex, 1790-1920 (New York, 1992)Google Scholar; Gustafson, Melanie, Miller, Kristie, and Perry, Elisabeth I., eds. We Hare Come to Stay: American Women and Political Parties, 1880-1960 (Albuquerque, 1999)Google Scholar.

⁵ Roosevelt, Theodore, “The Strenuous life,” in The Works of Theodore Roosevelt, Memorial, ed. (New York, 1923), 15: xiv-xv, 267-81.Google Scholar

⁶ Dalton, Kathleen M., “The Early life of Theodore Roosevelt” (PhD diss., Johns Hopkins University, 1979).Google Scholar

⁷ Byatt, A. S., Possession (New York: 1990).Google Scholar

⁸ Strachey, Lytton, Eminent Victorians: Cardinal Manning, Dr. Arnold, Florence Nightingale, General Gordon (1918; New York, 1933).Google Scholar

⁹ Linenthal, Edward T., Preserring Memory: The Struggle to Create America's Holocaust Museum (New York, 1995)Google Scholar; Linenthal, Edward T. and Engelhardt, Tom, eds., History Wars: The Enola Gay and Other Battles for the American Past (New York, 1996)Google Scholar; Linenthal, Edward T., The Unfinished Bombing: Oklahoma City in American Memory (New York, 2001)Google Scholar.

¹⁰ In time John Gable and Edmund and Sylvia Morris convinced members of the Roosevelt family to donate the contents of their attics to the Theodore Roosevelt Collection in the Houghton Library of Harvard, College, where I saw them. The Theodore Roosevelt Collection is a neutral archive, open to all scholars alike.

¹¹ Morris, Edmund, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt (New York, 1979), 793, fn. 33.Google Scholar

¹² Collin, Richard H., “TR and the Psychologists,” Theodore Roosevelt Association journal 8 (Winter 1982): 7–9.Google Scholar

¹³ , Collin, “TR and the Psychologists,” 8.Google Scholar

¹⁴ “What both Pringle and Dalton have in common is the acceptance of the crude psychological stereotypes that purport to explain all of Theodore Roosevelt in psychological terms,” in , Collin, “TR and the Psychologists,” 9Google Scholar.

¹⁵ , Morris, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, 790,Google Scholar fn. 65: “However any scholar who makes any prolonged study of TR discovers that he was almost infallibly truthful”; for references to John Gable as an authority and aid to Morris's research, see 743, 758, 767, 791, 804, 806, 809, 863.

¹⁶ In 2000, John A. Gable wrote to the editor of the Journal of American History that TR never lied. See Journal of American History 87 (Dec. 2000): 1171–72CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

¹⁷ “Writing Theodore Roosevelt across the Generations,” panel, Organization of American Historians Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, April 27, 2001. This panel was broadcast on C-Span.

¹⁸ Dalton, Kathleen M., A Portrait of a School: Coeducation at Andover (Andover, MA, 1986).Google Scholar

¹⁹ Pringle, Henry F., Theodore Roosevelt: A Biography (1931; New York, 1956), 4Google Scholar; Pringle wrote: “It has been said that Theodore Roosevelt's life was the ultimate dream of every typical American boy: he fought in a war, killed lions, became President, and quarreled with the Pope. The years in the Bad Lands constituted an earlier role that nearly every boy plays in imagination. Roosevelt wore gaudy clothes. He was a deputy sheriff. He caught some thieves,” 71; Teddy Brewster in the play and movie Arsenic and Old Lace is a madder version of Pringle's boyish Roosevelt.

²⁰ Hofstadter, Richard, The American Political Tradition and the Men Who Made It (New York, 1948), 229, 231.Google Scholar

²¹ Voto, Bernard de, ed., Mark Twain in Eruption (New York, 1940), 8Google Scholar; “Bryan on Roosevelt,” newspaper clipping from 1904 campaign, Theodore Roosevelt Papers, Library of Congress; Henry Adams to Elizabeth Cameron, Feb. 25, 1912, in Letters of Henry Adams, ed. Ford, Worthington Chauncey (Boston, 1938), 2: 587Google Scholar; this section is adapted from my Theodore Roosevelt: A Strenuous Life (New York, 2002)Google Scholar.

²² “Almost single-handedly,” in , Morris, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt,Google Scholar book jacket; documentary film-makers can't resist this myth either.

²³ Gould, Lewis L., The Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt (Lawrence, KS, 1991), 6.Google Scholar

²⁴ “Theodore Roosevelt” in Outstanding American Statesmen: Lectures by William Henry Harbaugh, comp. Lucas, Russell H. (Cambridge, MA, 1970), 7.Google Scholar

²⁵ Harbaugh, William H., “A Biographer Looks Back on Theodore Roosevelt” in Six Presidents from the Empire State, ed. Sievers, Harry J. (Tarrytown, NY, 1974), 122–23.Google Scholar See also Harbaugh's preface to the 1975 edition, Power and Responsibility: The Life and Times of Theodore Rooserelf (repr. Newtown, CT, 1997), v–vi;Google Scholar one of the blessings of writing about TR was the friendship I enjoyed with other students of his life, especially with Bill (and Wayne) Harbaugh.

²⁶ Roosevelt, Theodore, “The Cause of Decency,” Outlook, July 15, 1911Google Scholar; Wagenknecht, Edward, The Seven Worlds of Theodore Roosevelt (New York, 1958), 90.Google Scholar

²⁷ Ibid.

²⁸ Roosevelt, Theodore, “Women's Rights and the Duties of Both Men and Women,” Outlook, Feb. 3, 1912, 266.Google Scholar

²⁹ , Pringle, Theodore Roosevelt, vii.Google Scholar

³⁰ , Hofstadter, American Political Tradition, 234–35.Google Scholar

³¹ Auchincloss's, LouisTheodore Roosevelt (New York, 2002)Google Scholar reads like Hagedorn's, HermannThe Boy's Life of Theodore Roosevelt (New York, 1918),Google Scholar including the theme of TR's hatred of bullies, 117.

³² O'Toole, Patricia, When Trumpets Call: Theodore Roosevelt after the White House (New York. 2005), 2.Google Scholar

³³ Kirsten Downey, a Washington Post reporter, will tell more about the TR-Perkins story when she publishes her new Frances Perkins biography.

³⁴ Cook, Blanche Wiesen, Eleanor Roosevelt, 1933-1938, vol. 2 (New York, 1999), 141.Google Scholar

³⁵ Eleanor Roosevelt to William Harbaugh, which he repeated during the 2001 “Writing Theodore Roosevelt across the Generations” session cited above. See my Strenuous Life for further connections between UK and FDR and “Uncle Theodore.”

³⁶ , Cook, Eleanor Roosevelt, 368.Google Scholar

³⁷ Leuchtenberg, William, “The Twentieth Century Presidency” in Perspectives on Modern America: Making Sense of the Twentieth Century, ed. Sitkoff, Harvard (New York, 2001), 18–19.Google Scholar

³⁸ Currently Douglas Bnnkley, Doris Kearns Goodwin, and Evan Thomas are under contract for trade books about Theodore Roosevelt.