¹ Elizabeth Fenn, Encounters at the Heart of the World: A History of the Mandan People (New York: Hill and Wang, 2014).

² Richard White, The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650–1815 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991); Daniel Richter, The Ordeal of the Longhouse: The Peoples of the Iroquois League in the Era of European Colonization (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992); James Brooks, Captives and Cousins: Slavery, Kinship, and Community in the Southwest Borderlands (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002); Kathleen DuVal, The Native Ground: Indians and Colonists in the Heart of the Continent (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006); Alan Taylor, The Divided Ground: Indians, Settlers, and the Northern Borderland of the American Revolution (New York: Random House, 2006); Ned Blackhawk, Violence Over the Land: Indians and Empires in the Early American West (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2006); Juliana Barr, Peace Came in the Form of a Woman: Indians and Spaniards in the Texas Borderlands (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007); Pekka Hämäläinen, The Comanche Empire (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008); Brian DeLay, War of a Thousand Deserts: Indian Raids and the U.S.-Mexican War (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009); Anny Hyde, Empires, Nations, Families: A New History of the North American West (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2011); Michael Witgen, An Infinity of Nations: How the Native New World Shaped Early North America (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013); Claudio Saunt, West of the Revolution: An Uncommon History of 1776 (New York: Norton, 2014); Joshua Reid, The Sea is My Country: The Maritime World of the Makahs (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2015).

³ Hazel W. Hertzberg, The Search for an American Indian Identity: Modern Pan-Indian Movements (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1971). Frederick Hoxie, Talking Back to Civilization: Indian Voices from the Progressive Era (New York: Bedford, 2001).

⁴ While there is no way to offer a comprehensive list, early touchstones might include James Olson and Raymond Wilson, eds., Native Americans in the Twentieth Century (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1984); and Peter Iverson, ed. The Plains Indians of the Twentieth Century (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1985); Kenneth Philp, John Collier's Crusade for Indian Reform, 1920–1954 (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1977); and Don Fixico, Termination and Relocation: Federal Indian Policy, 1945–1960 (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1980). A list of more recent works across a number of thematic areas might include Thomas Britten, American Indians in World War I: At War and at Home (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1998); Susan Applegate Krouse, North American Indians in the Great War (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2009); Alison Bernstein, American Indians and World War II: Toward a New Era in Indian Affairs (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999); Kenneth Townsend, World War II and the American Indian (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2000); Tom Holm, Strong Hearts, Wounded Souls: Native American Veterans of the Vietnam War (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1996); Paul Rosier, Serving Their Country: American Indian Politics and Patriotism in the Twentieth Century (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2012); Daniel Cobb, Native Activism in Cold War America: The Struggle for Sovereignty (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2008); and Cobb, ed., Beyond Red Power: American Indian Politics and Activism Since 1900 (School for Advanced Research Press, 2007); Lucy Maddox, Citizen Indians: Native American Intellectuals, Race, and Reform (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005); Beth Piatote, Domestic Subjects: Gender, Citizenship, and Law in Native American Literature (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2013); Kiara Vigil, Indigenous Intellectuals: Sovereignty, Citizenship, and the American Imagination, 1880–1930 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015); Charles Wilkinson, Blood Struggle: The Rise of Modern Indian Nations (New York: Norton, 2006); John Troutman, Indian Blues: American Indians and the Politics of Music, 1879–1934 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2012); Frederick Hoxie, This Indian Country: American Indian Activists and the Place They Made (New York: Penguin, 2013); Robert Warrior and Paul Chaat Smith, Like a Hurricane: The Indian Movement from Alcatraz to Wounded Knee (New York: New Press, 1997).

⁵ Frederick Hoxie, Parading Through History: The Making of the Crow Nation in America 1805–1935 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997); Melissa Meyer, The White Earth Tragedy: Ethnicity and Dispossession at a Minnesota Anishinaabe Reservation, 1889–1920 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press); Nicolas Rosenthal, Reimagining Indian Country: Native American Migration and Identity in Twentieth Century Los Angeles (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014); James LaGrand, Indian Metropolis: Native American in Chicago, 1945–1975 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2002). For organizational histories, see, for example, Thomas Cowger, The National Congress of American Indians: The Founding Years (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2001); Cathleen Cahill, Federal Fathers and Mothers: A Social History of the United States Indian Service, 1869–1933 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2013); “The Society of American Indians and Its Legacies: A Special Combined Issue of SAIL and AIQ,” eds. Chadwick Allen and Beth Piatote. Studies in American Indian Literatures, 25: 2, and American Indian Quarterly 37:3 (Summer 2013)Google Scholar. For family histories and biographies, see, for example, Brenda Child, My Grandfather's Knocking Sticks: Ojibwe Family Life and Labor on the Reservation (Minneapolis: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2014); Andrew Graybill, The Red and the White: A Family Saga of the American West (New York: Liveright, 2014); Joy Porter, To Be Indian: The Life of Iroquois-Seneca Arthur Caswell Parker (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2001); David Martinez, Dakota Philosopher: Charles Eastman and American Indian Thought (Minneapolis: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2009); Joel Pfister, The Yale Indian: The Education of Henry Roe Cloud (Durham: Duke University Press, 2009); Linda Waggoner, Firelight: The Life of Angel De Cora, Winnebago Artist (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2008);

⁶ One might see these different registers, in theoretical terms, in relation to three important books by James C. Scott, Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1987); Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992); and Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999). One might also suggest that the concept of settler colonialism has emerged as the most important synthetic organizing principle of the last decade, with a substantial historiography too large to consider here.

⁷ Wolfe, Patrick, “Settler Colonialism and the Elimination of the Native,” Journal of Genocide Research 8:4 (Dec. 2006): 387–409CrossRefGoogle Scholar. See also Lorenzo Veracini, Settler Colonialism: A Theoretical Overview (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010); Walter Hixson, American Settler Colonialism: A History (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013).

⁸ Gerald Vizenor, Manifest Manners: Narratives on Postindian Survivance (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1999); Pekka Hämäläinen, The Comanche Empire (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008).

⁹ Tiya Miles, Ties that Bind: The Story of an Afro-Cherokee Family in Slavery and Freedom (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006); Tiya Miles and Sharon Holland, eds., Crossing Waters, Crossing Worlds: The African Diaspora in Indian Country (Durham: Duke University Press, 2006); Claudio Saunt, Black, White, and Indian: Race and the Unmaking of an American Family (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006); Barbara Krauthamer, Black Slaves, Indian Masters: Slavery, Emancipation, and Citizenship in the Native American South (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015); David Chang, The Color of the Land: Race, Nation, and the Politics of Landownership in Oklahoma, 1832–1929 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010).

¹⁰ See, for example, Adam Arenson and Andrew Graybill, eds., Civil War Wests: Testing the Limits of the United States (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2015); Virginia Scharff, ed., Empire and Liberty: The Civil War and the West (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2015); Ari Kelman and Jonathan Fetter-Vorm, Battle Lines: A Graphic History of the Civil War (New York: Hill and Wang, 2015).

¹¹ Michael Omi and Howard Winant, Racial Formation in the United States 3rd ed. (New York: Routledge, 2014); Rosaldo, Renato, “Imperialist Nostalgia,” Representations 26 (Spring 1989): 107–22CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

¹² I'm thinking, for example, of the essays collected in the landmark collection edited by Amy Kaplan and Donald Pease, Cultures of United States Imperialism (Durham: Duke University Press, 1994), in which Richard Slotkin—almost singly—takes on the burden of connecting the continental and the offshore. In historiographic terms, it is worth noting the earlier connections made by Williams, Walter L., “United States Indian Policy and the Debate over Philippine Annexation: Implications for the Origins of American Imperialism,” Journal of American History 66:4 (Mar. 1980): 810–31CrossRefGoogle Scholar.