¹ This phase of research on the North's Reconstruction is summed up in Mohr, James C., ed., Radical Republicans in the North: State Politics during Reconstruction (Baltimore, 1976)Google Scholar; and Foner, Eric, Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution (New York, 1988)Google Scholar, ch. 10. Montgomery, David, Beyond Equality: Labor and the the Radical Republicans, 1862–1872 (New York, 1967)Google Scholar. On Montgomery's talent for interweaving local, national, and transnational contexts, see Stromquist, Shelton, “David Montgomery: A Labor Historian's Legacies,” Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 13 (Apr. 2014): 256–276CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

² For example, Cohen, Nancy, The Reconstruction of American Liberalism, 1865–1914 (Chapel Hill, 2002)Google Scholar; and Richardson, Heather Cox, West from Appomattox: The Reconstruction of America after the Civil War (New Haven, 2007)Google Scholar. Similar to the books under review in its effort to connect local political strife to national issues during Reconstruction: Quigley, David, Second Founding: New York City, Reconstruction, and the Making of American Democracy (New York, 2004)Google Scholar.

³ Hobsbawm, Eric, The Age of Capital, 1848–1875 (New York, 1975)Google Scholar.

⁴ Schneirov, Richard, Labor and Urban Politics: Class Conflict and the Origins of Modern Liberalism in Chicago, 1864–97 (Urbana, 1998)Google Scholar; Schneirov, , “Thoughts on Periodizing the Gilded Age: Capital Accumulation, Society, and Politics, 1873–1896,” Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 5 (July 2006): 189–224CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Keil, Harmut and Jentz, John B., eds., German Workers in Industrial Chicago, 1850–1910: A Comparative Perspective (DeKalb, IL, 1983)Google Scholar; Keil, and Jentz, , eds., German Workers in Chicago: A Documentary History of Working-Class Culture from 1850 to World War I (Urbana, 1988)Google Scholar.