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Commutative semigroup amalgams

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 April 2009

J. M. Howie
Affiliation:
University of StirlingStirling, Scotland
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In the terminology of J. R. Isbell [5], an element d of a semigroup S is dominated by a subsemigroup U of S if, for an arbitrary semigroup X and arbitrary homomorphisms α β, from S into X, α(u) = β(u) for every u in U implies α(d) = β(d). The set of elements of S dominated by U is a subsemigroup of S containing U and is called the dominion of U. It was shown by Isbell that if one takes two disjoint isomorphic copies S+, S of S and forms their amalgamated free product S+ * US that is to say, the quotient of the free product S+ * S by the congruence p generated by , (u+ and u being the images of u in S+, S respectively) then the homomorphisms: μ+: SS+ * uS, μ: SS+ * uS defined by are one-one. Moreover, μ+(s) = μ(t) only if s = t, and μ+(s)= μ(s) if and only if s is in the dominion of U. In other words, the two natural copies of S in S+ * uS intersect precisely in the dominion of U. Thus, in particular, and in the terminology of [3], the amalgam [S+, S; U] is embeddable if and only if U is self-dominating (that is to say, its own dominion) in S.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Australian Mathematical Society 1968

References

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